Frontier Wars
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Key facts about the Australian Frontier Wars, Aboriginal resistance, William Willshire, and source analysis.
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35 Terms
What were the Frontier Wars?
Conflicts between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and European settlers during colonisation.
When did the Frontier Wars occur?
From 1788 into the 20th century.
Why did conflict occur?
Competition over land, water, resources and cultural sites.
What happened to Aboriginal land?
Settlers took land for farming and grazing without treaties or payment.
What were punitive expeditions?
Reprisal raids, often carried out by police or settlers.
What violent tactics were used against Aboriginal people?
Massacres, targeted killings, poisoning and punitive expeditions.
How did Aboriginal people resist?
Raids, attacks on livestock and other forms of resistance.
Who was Pemulwuy?
An Aboriginal resistance leader in the Sydney region.
Who was Windradyne?
An Aboriginal resistance leader in the Bathurst region.
Who was Yagan?
A Noongar resistance leader in Western Australia.
Who was Jandamarra?
An Aboriginal resistance leader in Western Australia.
What was the Native Police?
Government-controlled forces used to suppress Aboriginal resistance.
Who was William Willshire?
A Native Mounted Police officer in Central Australia.
What did Willshire do?
Led punitive expeditions against Aboriginal people.
Why were Aboriginal people targeted?
They were accused of actions such as spearing cattle.
What happened in 1891?
Willshire was charged with murdering two Aboriginal men.
What was the result of Willshire's trial?
He was acquitted. Found not guilty
Why is Willshire's case important?
It was a rare example of a police officer being tried for frontier violence.
What does the acquittal reveal?
It can be used to examine racial bias and problems in the colonial justice system.
What did Willshire later write?
Publications defending or justifying his actions.
Why are Willshire's writings useful?
Show his attitude and justifications
Why are Willshire's writings limited?
They are self-serving and may avoid admitting wrongdoing.
What is Origin?
Who created the source, when, and what type of source it is.
What is Purpose?
Why the source was created.
What is Content?
What information the source actually tells us.
What is Value?
What the source helps historians learn.
What is a Limitation?
Something that makes a source less useful or incomplete.
Why are Willshire's own writings valuable?
They reveal his attitudes and justifications.
Why are Willshire's writings limited?
They are self-serving and may hide wrongdoing.
Why are court records valuable?
They are official records of the legal process.
What is a limitation of colonial court records?
They may reflect racial bias in the colonial justice system.
Why are newspapers valuable?
They show public and settler attitudes at the time.
Why are newspapers limited?
They may be biased or one-sided.
Why is Aboriginal oral history valuable?
It provides perspectives often missing from colonial records.
What can limit oral history?
It may have been recorded later or passed on secondhand.