BIO105 Final Lab Practical Study Guide

Flashcards covering the comprehensive study guide for the BIO105 Final Lab Practical, including Histology, Anatomy of various systems, Physiology experiments, and Medical Imaging.

Which histological slides are students responsible for identifying using a microscope?

Artery and vein, cardiac muscle, trachea, lung tissue, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, kidney, testes, ovary, and uterus.

What are the three layers of the meninges surrounding the brain and spinal cord?

The dura mater, arachnoid mater, and pia mater.

What are the four lobes of the cerebrum?

The frontal, occipital, parietal, and temporal lobes.

Which structures comprise the brainstem?

The midbrain, Pons, and medulla oblongata.

What types of information pass through the dorsal and ventral horns/roots of the spinal cord?

Sensory and motor information (implied by the study of spinal cord innervation).

Identify the primary structures of the eye listed in the study guide.

Sclera, cornea, fovea centralis, iris, pupil, lens, and retina.

Identify the primary structures of the ear listed in the study guide.

Auditory canal, external auditory meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, Eustachian tube, and cochlea.

Name the four valves of the heart.

Tricuspid valve, bicuspid/mitral valve, aortic semilunar valve, and pulmonary semilunar valve.

What are intercalated disks and where are they found?

They are specialized junctions found in cardiac muscle tissue.

What are the three layers found in arteries and veins, and what is their tissue composition?

Tunica interna/intima, tunica media, and tunica externa (comprised of various tissues such as endothelium, smooth muscle, and connective tissue).

What specific structures are found within the interventricular groove of the heart?

Coronary arteries and coronary veins.

What are the three regions of the pharynx?

Nasopharynx, oropharynx, and laryngopharynx.

What types of epithelium are located in the trachea versus the alveoli?

The trachea contains pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium (with goblet cells), while the alveoli contain simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange.

What are goblet cells, where are they located, and what do they secrete?

They are mucus-secreting cells found within the epithelium of the respiratory tract (trachea).

How do hyperventilation, exercise, and bag breathing affect $CO_2$ levels in the body?

Hyperventilation decreases $CO_2$, while exercise and bag breathing increase $CO_2$ levels.

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

What are the four sections of the colon in the large intestine?

Ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, and sigmoid colon.

Contrast the location and function of rugae and villi.

Rugae are folds in the stomach that allow for expansion; villi are finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase surface area for absorption.

What is the difference between segmentation and peristalsis?

Peristalsis is the wave-like contraction that moves food forward, while segmentation is the localized mixing of food.

Name the four layers of the alimentary canal.

Mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa/adventitia.

Identify the internal structures of the kidney.

Renal cortex, medullary pyramids, renal pelvis, Bowman’s capsule, and glomerulus.

Name the accessory glands of the male reproductive system.

Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, and bulbourethral (Cowper’s) glands.

What are the three types of medical imaging listed for identification?

MRI, CT scan, and X-ray.

What is the format of the BIO105 Final Lab Practical?

$25$ stations with $2$ questions each ($50$ questions total), with $2$ minutes per station and $10$ minutes at the end for review.