Bacterial Pathogens

Identify the disease and route of transmission.

Raised, blistered skin lesion with development of black eschar.

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High fever, dyspnea, stridor, cyanosis, and shock.

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This disease is transmitted in two ways. Contact with animals with or inhalation of its spores. Consumption of raw or undercooked meat from infected animals.

anthrax

1: Runny nose, low-grade fever, and mild cough

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2: Bursts of rapid, uncontrollable coughs with characteristic “whoops“ at the end of the cough, cyanosis, and exhaustion

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3: Recovery and less persistent cough

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This disease is airborne.

whooping cough

Red, expanding “bull’s-eye“ rash, fatigue, fever, chills, headache, muscle and joint aches, swollen lymph nodes.

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This disease is tick-borne (Ioxedes tick)

Lyme disease

Diarrhea, sometimes bloody

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Abdominal cramps and fever

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Fecal-oral transmission and foodborne

campylobacteriosis

Women- often “silent“, possible vaginal discharge and dysuria

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Men- penile discharge and dysuria

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STI transmission

chlamydia

Double vision, blurred vision, ptosis, slurred speech, dysphagia, dry mouth, and muscle weakness

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Foodborne transmission

botulism

Watery diarrhea, fever, loss of appetite, nausea, abdominal pain/tenderness

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This disease is healthcare-associated and relies on fecal-oral transmission.

C. diff (pseudomembranous colitis)

Early- lockjaw, neck and abdomen stiffness, and dysphagia

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Late- severe muscle spasms and generalized tonic-seizure-like activity

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Transmission involves direct contact through deep cut

tetanus

Diarrhea, severe abdominal cramps, and vomiting.

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Foodborne, but some strains do not cause disease.

E. coli

Epiglottis- sore throat and difficulty breathing

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Pneumonia- difficulty breathing and fever

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Transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets

Hib disease (Haemophilus influenzae serotype B)

Gnawing or burning stomach pain, nausea, bloating, and burping

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Person-to-person and environmental transmission possible.

peptic ulcer

High fever, chills, cough, chest pain, and severe pneumonia

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Water aerosol transmission

Legionnaire’s disease

Skin lesions, nodules, plaques, and thickened dermis

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Airborne transmission- respiratory droplets

leprosy

Bad cough lasting 3 weeks or longer, chest pain, coughing up blood or sputum, weakness or fatigue, weight loss, no appetite, chills, fever, and night sweats

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Airborne transmission- respiratory droplets

tuberculosis

Fever, nonproductive cough, malaise, and headache.

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Transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets.

mycoplasma pneumonia

Women- most are asymptomatic, some have dysuria and vaginal discharge

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Men- dysuria and yellow/green/white penile discharge

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STI transmission

gonorrhea

Stiff neck, fever, confusion, light sensitivity, nausea, and vomiting

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Transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets

meningitis

Causes itchy, red rash and pustules around hair follicles

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Direct contact with contaminated water

hot tub rash (pseudomonas infection)

Fever, rash that occurs 2-5 days after fever, headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, muscle pain, lack of appetite, and conjunctival inflammation

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Tick-borne (wood or dog tick) transmission

Rocky Mountain spotted fever

Diarrhea, fever, and stomach cramps

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Fecal-oral transmission

shigellosis

Red, swollen, painful pustules

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Transmitted through direct contact

MRSA (methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus) infection

Cough, chest pain, shortness of breath, malaise, and poor appetite

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Transmitted through direct person-to-person contact

bacterial pneumonia

Sore throat and fever

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Transmitted through direct contact with respiratory droplets

strep throat

Primary stage- single sore (chancre) at site of the organism’s entry into the body

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Secondary stage- skin rash and mucous membrane lesions

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Late stage- uncoordinated muscle movements, paralysis, numbness, gradual blindness, and dementia

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STI transmission

syphilis

Profuse watery diarrhea (“rice-water stools“), vomiting, rapid heart rate, loss of skin elasticity, dry mucous membranes, low blood pressure, thirst, muscle cramps and restlessness/irritability

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Fecal-oral transmission from contaminated water

cholera