Jacksononian Democracy

Andrew Jackson

The seventh President of the United States (1829-1837), who as a general in the War of 1812 defeated the British at New Orleans (1815). As president he opposed the Bank of America, objected to the right of individual states to nullify disagreeable federal laws, and increased the presidential powers.

Henry Clay

A northern American politician. He developed the American System as well as negotiated numerous compromises.

The American System, 1815

Policies devised by the Whig Party and leading politician Henry Clay: national bank, high tariffs, and internal improvements like roads, canals, bridges, etc.

John C. Calhoun

South Carolina Senator - advocate for state's rights, limited government, and nullification

Daniel Webster

Famous American politician and orator. he advocated renewal and opposed the financial policy of Jackson. Many of the principles of finance he spoke about were later incorporated in the Federal Reserve System. Would later push for a strong union.

Democracy

a system of government by the whole population or all the eligible members of a state, typically through elected representatives.

Man of the People/ Common Man

Andrew Jackson

State Expansion of Voting Rights

Universal white male suffrage. Result of the American Revolution

Populist

a supporter of the rights and power of the people

partisan politics

politicians who strongly support their party's policies and are reluctant to compromise with their political opponents

Spoils System

A system of public employment based on rewarding party loyalists and friends.

Caucus system

A system in which elite members of a political party meet to choose their party's candidate for president or decide policy

National Nominating Convention

events that are held in the summer of presidential election years where party delegates, selected through primaries and caucuses, pick their party's presidential nominee. Originally, average people choose delegates, delegates choose nominee. Now, average people select nominee who gets "pledged" delegates.

Tariff of Abominations

Tariff passed by Congress in 1828 that favored manufacturing in the North and was hated by the South

Nullification

A state's refusal to recognize an act of Congress that it considers unconstitutional. NOT a power states actually have, but something they tried to assert a few times before the Civil War.

Secede

to withdraw

Force Bill

1833 - The Force Bill authorized President Jackson to use the army and navy to collect duties on the Tariffs of 1828 and 1832. South Carolina's ordinance of nullification had declared these tariffs null and void, and South Carolina would not collect duties on them. The Force Act was never invoked because it was passed by Congress the same day as the Compromise Tariff of 1833, so it became unnecessary. South Carolina also nullified the Force Act.

Whig Party

An American political party formed in the 1830s to oppose President Andrew Jackson and the Democrats, stood for protective tariffs, national banking, and federal aid for internal improvements

Indian Removal Act

(1830) a congressional act that authorized the removal of Native Americans who lived east of the Mississippi River

Trail of Tears

The Cherokee Indians were forced to leave their lands. They traveled from North Carolina and Georgia through Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, Missouri, and Arkansas-more than 800 miles (1,287 km)-to the Indian Territory. More than 4, 00 Cherokees died of cold, disease, and lack of food during the 116-day journey.

Worcester v Georgia

Supreme Court Decision - Cherokee Indians were entitled to federal protection from the actions of state governments which would infringe on the tribe's sovereignty - Jackson ignored it

Panic of 1837

Economic collapse caused primarily by President Jackson's destruction of the Second Bank of the United States which had regulated state banks from overprinting money.

Second Bank of the United States

a national bank overseen by the federal government. Congress had established the bank in 1816, giving it a 20 year charter. The purpose of the bank was to regulate state banks, which had grown rapidly since the First Bank of the US went out of existence in 1811. Went out of existence during Jackson's presidency.

Bank War

Jackson believed the Bank of US had too much power and was too rich. Vetoed the 2nd Bank charter and withdrew gov't money from the US Banks and put it into "pet banks"

Partisan Politics

political actions or decisions that benefit a particular party

Tippecanoe and Tyler Too

this was Tyler's slogan during his election, using his victory during the Battle of Tippecanoe as a "pro" for voting for him