Lab Final Radiology Sternum, Skull, and Facial Flashcards

Flashcards covering positioning, CR angles, and anatomical landmarks for the lab final on Sternum, Skull, Facial, and TMJ imaging.

PA Oblique Sternum (RAO) Rotation

Rotation of $15 - 20^{\circ}$.

Sternum PA Oblique SID

Short SID of $30"$ used for magnification and to blur posterior ribs.

Breathing Technique (Sternum)

Used to blur ribs and minimize pulmonary vascular markings; expiration is used for uncooperative patients.

Sternum Left Lateral (L Lateral Erect) CR

CR perpendicular to the lateral sternal border with an SID of $72"$.

Retrosternal Lateral Positioning

Hands behind the back and shoulders rolled back.

PA SC Joints (Prone) CR

CR perpendicular to $T3$ down the MSP.

PA Oblique SC Joints (RAO / LAO)

Rotation of $10 - 15^{\circ}$ where the downside SC joint is on the opposite side of the body.

AP Ribs (Erect Posterior / Supine) CR

CR perpendicular to $T7$ half way between the sternum and lateral rib margin.

AP Oblique Ribs (RPO / LPO)

Rotation of $45^{\circ}$ with the affected side to the IR for upper ribs.

PA Skull Position

OML perpendicular to IR with CR perpendicular exiting nasion; orbits are filled by petrous ridges.

PA Axial Caldwell Method (Skull)

CR angle $15^{\circ}$ caudal exiting nasion; petrous ridges are in the lower third of the orbits.

R / L Lateral Skull CR

CR perpendicular to $2"$ above EAM with IOML and interpupillary line perpendicular.

AP Axial Towne Method (Skull)

CR angle $30^{\circ}$ caudal $2 \frac{1}{2}"$ above glabella exiting foramen magnum through EAM.

Dorsum Sellae (Towne Method)

The structure that should be within the shadow of the foramen magnum; if not enough flexion/angle it appears over the posterior occipital bone.

Parietoacanthial Waters Method (Facial)

OML forms $37^{\circ}$ to IR with MML nearly perpendicular; petrous ridges are just below maxillary sinuses.

SMV Facial CR

CR perpendicular to $1"$ posterior to outer canthus with IOML parallel.

Tangential Zygomatic Arch

Rotate head $15^{\circ}$ towards side of interest and tilt $15^{\circ}$ away; used when one arch is closed on SMV.

Modified Waters (Orbits)

OML is $55^{\circ}$ to IR and LML is nearly perpendicular; best view for blowout fractures.

Parieto-orbital Oblique Rhese Method

CR perpendicular $1"$ posterior and superior upper TEA; MSP rotation moves canal laterally and AML lowers optic canal to lower quadrant.

Sinus Radiography Beam Requirement

Always use a horizontal beam.

Open Mouth Waters (Sinuses)

Specifically used to demonstrate the sphenoid sinus.

PA Axial Caldwell Method (Sinuses)

Cannot angle the tube; vertical grid with OML at $15^{\circ}$ or angled grid at $15^{\circ}$ to demonstrate frontal and ethmoidal sinuses.

SMV Sinuses

CR entering $\frac{3}{4}"$ anterior to EAM to demonstrate sphenoid and ethmoid sinuses.

AP Axial Towne (Mandible) CR

CR angle $30^{\circ}$ caudal at glabella ($37^{\circ}$ if IOML is perpendicular) to demonstrate the rami.

Axiolateral Oblique Mandible (Symphysis)

Rotation of RAO/RPO or LAO/LPO $45^{\circ}$.

AP Axial Modified Towne (TMJ) CR

CR angle $35^{\circ}$ caudal $3"$ above nasion ($42^{\circ}$ if IOML is perpendicular).

Axiolateral Oblique Law Method (TMJ)

CR angle $15^{\circ}$ caudal $1 \frac{1}{2}"$ above elevated EAM; rotate MSP $15^{\circ}$ toward IR.

Axiolateral Schuller (TMJ)

CR angle $25 - 30^{\circ}$ caudal $\frac{1}{2}"$ anterior and $2"$ above elevated EAM.