McGraw Biology - Chapter 33: Protostomes

Platyhelminthes

Phylum of flatworms

Phylum Rotifera (rotifers)

-pseudocoelomates
-microscopic
-aquatic (marine and freshwater)
-corona of cili used for filter feeding
-mostly sexual reproduction

Phylum Mollusca

soft bodied animals
clams, octopus, snails, squid

Mantel

The outside covering, makes the shell on the organism.

Ctenidia

specialized gills in mollusks

Radula

tongue-shaped structure used for feeding by snails and slugs

Gastropoda (class)

a mollusk that has a well-developed head and a flattened foot, such as a snail, slug, or conch

Bivalvia

The class of the phylum Mollusca that includes clams, oysters, and mussels.

Cephalopoda (Mollusca)

squid, octopus

Torsion

act of twisting; stress due to twisting forces exerted on a body. The process of twisting of gastropods that allow the organisms to fit in their shells.

Nudibranchs

Sea slugs that lack a shell and have exposed gills

Kleptocnidae

storing nematocysts from digested prey to make themselves toxic to predators

Class Bivalvia

clams, mussels, scallops, oysters

Siphons

The tube-like extension through which water flows in and out of the mantle cavity in bivalves and cephalopods, and in tunicates

Class Cephalopoda

squid, octopus, nautilus

Characteristics of Cephalopoda

-marine predators
-foot modified into tentacles and arms
-well-developed eyes
-closed circulatory systems

Phylum Annelids

Worms, with bodies made up of ring-like segments. Most live in water, though some, like the earthworm, live in moist soil.

Metamerism

Having repeating segments.

Polychaeta

marine worms that have parapodia (fleshy appendages) and chaeta which are hairs used for locomotion or gas exchange.

Genus Riftia

Deep-sea tube warm that don't have a mouth or a stomach, but have chemosynthetic bacteria that digest for them.

Arthropods Phylogeny

Four distinct classes with segmentation, an exoskeleton, and jointed appendences.

Chelicerata

a sub phylum of arthropods; includes Horseshoe crabs, spiders, scorpions, mites etc.

Crustacea

a large class of arthropods, including crabs and lobsters

Hexapoda

Subphylum of insects

Tagmata

Prominent body regions in arthropods, such as the head, thorax, and abdomen in insects. (body regions that are made up of many sections)

uniramous

single-branched appendages

biramous

Consisting of or having two branches, as the appendages of an arthropod.

ommatidia

One of the small optical units of the compound eye of arthropods

Class Chelicerata

Spiders, ticks, mites, scorpions, daddy long-legs, horseshoe crabs, sea spiders. Each having chelicerae which are fangs or pinchers. Bodies are divided into two tagmata.

Order Araneae

true spiders

Class Crustacea

crustaceans, three tagmata, most appendages are biramous, and the cephalon and thorax fuse to from a cephalothorax.

Order Cirripedia

Barnacles
"Cloud-like" or "feathery-feet"
Marine. Appendages are the feet and capture food.

Class Hexapods

insects which three body regions; head, thorax, and abdomen.