Bio 1111 Ch30 Seed Plants

Seed Plants

made of angiosperms and gymnosperms, and have sporophyte-dominant life cycles

Ovule

structure that contains the megasporangium and megastore, develops into seed after fertilization

Integument

Outer protective layer made of sporophyte tissue

Micropyle

Opening at apex of integument

Pollen Grain

male gametophyte covered by pollen wall

Pollination

transfer of pollen to the ovule

Pollination syndrome

flower traits that have evolved in response to pollen vectors like wind, bees, and birds

Seed

develops from fertilized ovule, contains embryonic plant surrounded by protective coat

Cotyledon

embryonic leaves contained in the seed, will germinate to form sprout

Endosperm

tissue surrounding embryo in seed that provides nutrition via starch, protein, and oil

Gymnosperms

produce “naked seeds” that are not enclosed by an ovary

Monoecious

male and female sporangia found on the same plant

Dioecious

male and female sporangia found on different plants

Conifers

Group of gymnosperms that have needle-like leaves and contain their sporangia in cones

Angiosperms

most diverse group of seed-producing land plants

Sepal

serve as protection for the flower bud and support for the petals, usually green

Petals

modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of the flower, serve to attract pollinators

Stamen

pollen producing part of flower

Filament

stalk portion of the stamen

Anther

structure in which microsporangia forms microspheres

Carpel

megastores and female gametophytes

Stigma

tip of carpel that receives the pollen

Style

leads from the stigma to the ovary

Ovary

contains the ovules

Fruit

formed from ovary after fertilization

Perfect Flower

bisexual flower

Monoecious

unisexual flowers, but male and female floral organs on the same plant

Dioecious

unisexual flowers, male and female floral organs on the same plants

Cross-pollination

pollen transfers from another plant

Double-fertilization

pollen tube releases 2 sperm, 1 fertilizes the egg forming the embryo, other leads to endosperm