Cell Structure and Function

These flashcards cover key vocabulary and concepts related to the structure and function of cells, their components, and their differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic forms.

Plasma Membrane

A selective barrier that surrounds the cell, defining its boundaries and regulating the passage of substances in and out.

Cytoplasm

The interior of the cell, consisting of cytosol and cytoskeletal elements.

Prokaryotic Cell

A simpler type of cell that lacks a membrane-bound nucleus and internal compartmentalization.

Eukaryotic Cell

A more complex type of cell that has a membrane-bound nucleus and various membrane-bound organelles.

Ribosomes

Cell structures responsible for protein synthesis; found in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cytoskeleton

A network of fibers that helps maintain cell shape and organize cell activities.

Microfilaments

Thin fibers made up of actin protein, contributing to cell shape and movement.

Microtubules

Thick fibers composed of tubulin that provide support and structure to cells.

Intermediate Filaments

A diverse group of proteins that provide mechanical support to cells, intermediate in size between microfilaments and microtubules.

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

An organelle that synthesizes proteins (rough ER) and lipids (smooth ER); connected to the nuclear envelope.

Golgi Apparatus

An organelle that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.

Central Vacuole

A large membrane-bound organelle in plant cells that stores substances like water and helps maintain turgor pressure.

Chloroplasts

Membrane-bound organelles in plant cells where photosynthesis occurs.

Cell Wall

A rigid outer layer found in plant cells that provides support and protection.

Tonoplast

The membrane surrounding the central vacuole in plant cells.

Cellular Communication

The process by which cells interact with and respond to their external environment through the plasma membrane.