APUSH Period 4 Vocab quiz

Election of 1800/”Revolution of 1800”

In 1800 a majority of the presidential electors cast their ballots for two Democratic-Republicans: One for Jefferson and one for Burr. The two tied for the presidency. The constitution required that the House of Representatives vote to choose the winner, with each state given one vote. They debated for days and voted before finally choosing Jefferson. The change from Federalist to Democratic-Republican control is known as the __________.

Louisiana Purchase

The _________ territory had once been claimed by France, which lost its claim to Spain. However, Napoleon forced Spain to give the territory back to France. However, he lost interest in the territory and sold it to Jefferson who bought it because of Spanish officials (who were still in charge of the New Orleans Port) revoking the “right of deposit“ granted in the Pinckney Treaty, which allowed American farmers tax free use of the port.

Aaron Burr

A Democratic-Republican caucus (a closed meeting) in 1804 decided not to nominate ______ for a second term as Vice President. ______ then threatened to break up the Union and duel Hamilton. He planned to win the governorship of New York in 1804, unite the state with the New England states, and then lead his group of states to secede from the nation.

Barbary Pirates

To protect U.S. merchant ships from being seized by ________, Washington and Adams had reluctantly agreed to pay tribute to the Barbary governments. The ruler of Tripoli demanded a higher sum in tribute from Jefferson. Refusing to pay, Jefferson sent a small fleet of the U.S. Navy to the Mediterranean. Fighting between the two lasted for years, and although the U.S. hadn’t won a decisive victory, it gained them some respect and offered a measure of protection to U.S. vessels trading in Mediterranean waters.

Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

The ________ was an incident at sea that aroused American anger and almost led to war. In 1807, a British war ship the Leopard fired on the U.S. Warship Chesapeake. 3 Americans were killed and 4 were impressed. Tensions in America rose, however Jefferson resorted to diplomacy in response to the crisis.

Embargo Act of 1807

As an alternative to war for the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair, Jefferson persuaded Republicans to pass the ________. This prohibited American merchant ships from sailing to any foreign port. Since the U.S. was Britain’s largest trading partner, Jefferson hoped that the British would stop violating their rights than lose U.S. trade. The embargo backfired and brought greater economic hardship to U.S. than Britain, especially for merchant marine and shipbuilders in New England.

Tecumseh

________ was a Shawnee warrior chief who organized a Native American confederacy in an effort to create an autonomous Indian state and stop white settlement in the Northwest Territory

Battle of Tippecanoe

In the _________ Native Americans united by Tecumseh and Prophet fought against General William Henry Harrison's forces and lost. Americans on the frontier blamed Britain for initiating the rebellion. This caused even more hatred towards the British than before. This would ultimately serve as a catalyst for the War of 1812, which would take place less than a year after. The Battle destroyed the hopes of a large Indian Confederacy.

William Henry Harrison

__________ was the general for the U.S. during the Battle of Tippecanoe and destroyed the Shawnee headquarters, which ended Tecumseh’s efforts to form and Indian confederacy.

War Hawks

Known as _______ because of their eagerness for war with Britain, they quickly gained significant influence in the House of Representatives. Led by Henry Clay and John C. Calhoun, the ______ members of Congress argued that war with Britain would be the only way to defend American honor, gain Canada, and destroy American Indian resistance on the frontier.

War of 1812

The _____ was between the United States and Great Britain caused by American outrage over the impressment of American sailors by the British and British aid to the Indians attacking the Americans on the western frontier.

Battle of Horseshoe Bend

In the _______ General Andrew Jackson ended the power of an important British ally, the Creek nation. The victory eliminated the Indians and opened new lands to White settlers. The victory was impressive-but also meaningless.

Treaty of Ghent

British were weary of war having fought Napoleon for over a decade. At the same time, Madison’s government recognized that Americans would be unable to win a decisive victory. Both sides eventually decided on the _______, which returned all territory, recognized the prewar boundary between Canada and the US. However, it said nothing about British concessions concerning impressment, blockades, or other maritime differences. Thus the war ended in a stalemate.

Battle of New Orleans

The _________was led by General Andrew Jackson, two weeks after a treaty ending the war had been signed in Ghent, Belgium, but before news of the treaty had reached the military forces.

Hartford Convention

The ________ was a special convention was held in Hartford, Connecticut. Bitterly opposed to the the War of 1812, some radical Federalist in the Northeast wanted to secede from the United States, but it was rejected. However, to limit the power of the Democratic-Republicans they adopted a proposal that a two-thirds vote of both houses would be required for any future declaration of war. 

Era of Good Feelings

During the ________, the federalist party faded into obliviation while the Democratic-Republicans adopted some of their policies and dominated politics. This perception of unity and harmony is misleading. Throughout the era people argued over tariffs, the national bank, land sales, and sectionist tensions over slavery were increasing. Moreover, even a sense of party unity was fake as the Democratic-Republicans would soon split.

Tariff of 1816/protective tariff

Before the war of 1812 Congress had levied low tariffs on imports as a method for raising government revenue. Then, during the war, manufactures erected many factories to supply goods that previously had been imported from Britain. Now in peacetime, these American manufacturers feared that British goods would be dumbed on American markets and take away much of their business. Congress raised tariffs for the express purpose of protecting US manufacturers from competition rather than simply to raise revenue. This was the first _________, and was generally supported by states.

Henry Clay’s American System

Henry Clay of Kentucky, a leader in the House of Representatives, proposed a comprehensive method for advancing the nation’s economic growth. His plan, which he called the ________, consisted of three parts: (1) protective tariffs, (2) a national bank, and (3) internal improvements. Clay argued that protective tariffs would promote American manufacturing and also raise revenue with which to build a national transportation system of federally constructed roads and canals. A national bank would keep the system running smoothly by providing a national currency. The tariffs would chiefly benefit the East, internal improvements would promote growth in the West and the South, and the bank would aid the economies of all sections

Second Bank of the U.S.

As a result of the First Bank's charter expiring in 1811, prices and inflation rose and a call for another national bank led to the establishment of the Second Bank of the U.S. in 1816. Two parts of Clay’s system were already in place in 1816, the last year of James Madison’s presidency. Congress in that year adopted a protective tariff and also chartered the ____________

Panic of 1819

The _______ was an economic disaster that occurred after the Second Bank of the United States tightened credit in an effort to control inflation. Many state banks closed, and unemployment, bankruptcies, and imprisonment for debt increased sharply. The depression hit the West hardest, where many people were in debt because they had speculated on land during the euphoria after the War of 1812. In 1819, the Bank of the United States foreclosed on large amounts of western farmland. As a result of the bank panic and depression, nationalistic beliefs were shaken. In the West, the economic crisis changed many voters’ political outlook. Westerners began calling for land reform and expressing strong opposition to both the national bank and debtors’ prisons

Missouri Compromise

After months of heated debate in Congress and throughout the nation, Henry Clay won majority support for three bills that, taken together, represented a compromise to admit Missouri as a state: 1. admit Missouri as a slave-holding state 2. admit Maine as a free state 3. prohibit slavery in the rest of the Louisiana Territory north of latitude 36° 30 ́Both houses passed the bills, and President Monroe added his signature in March 1820 to what became known as the Missouri Compromise After this political crisis, Americans were torn between feelings of nationalism on the one hand and feelings of sectionalism

Adams-Onis Treaty (Florida Purchase Treaty), 1819

The __________ settled a border dispute in North America between the United States and Spain. The treaty was the result of increasing tensions between the U.S. and Spain regarding territorial rightsat a time of weakened Spanish power due to rebellion in South America. In addition to ceding Florida to the United States for 5 million dollars, Spain also gave up its claims to the Oregon Territory. In return, the US gave up all rights to Texas.

Monroe Doctrine

President Monroe inserted into his annual message to Congress a declaration of U.S. policy toward Europe and Latin America. The ______, as it came to be called, asserted “as a principle in which the rights and interests of the United States are involved, that the American continents, by the free and independent condition which they have assumed and maintain, are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers .” Monroe declared further that the United States opposed attempts by a European power to interfere in the affairs of any republic in the Western Hemisphere.

John Quincy Adams

In 1824, _______ was elected president. Henry Clay used his influence in the House of Representatives to provide him with enough votes to win the election. Clay was made secretary of state.