neurons and glial cells

structural classification of neurons: bipolar neurons

have two processes, neurons in the retina

structural classification of neurons: multipolar neurons

several dendrites & one axon, most common type in CNS, examples include motor neurons and purkinje cells

structural classification of neurons: pseudounipolar neurons

single short process that divides like a T into 2 processes, sensory neurons, found in sensory neurons except the retina

functional classification of neurons: sensory (afferent) neurons

from sensoryreceptors to the CNS

functional classification of neurons: motor (efferent) neurons

from the CNS to effectors (muscles and glands)

functional classification of neurons: interneurons

located entirely in the CNS, integrative functions of the nervous system

glial cells: Schwann cells

forms myelin sheaths in the PNS, one cell wraps part of one axon

glial cells: oligodendrocytes

forms myelin sheaths in the CNS, one cell can wrap parts of many axons

glial cells: astrocytes are

large, star-shaped cells that have numerous processes that radiate outwards

glial cells: astrocytes can

take up excess potassium to maintain ionic environment

glial cells: astrocytes interact with capillaries in the brain which helps

in the formation of tight junctions of brain endothelial cells (blood-brain barrier) and prevents certain molecules from entering (dopamine)