APCSP Unit 10 - Big Data

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Big Data

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29 Terms

1

Big Data

extremely large and ever-growing amounts of data, both structured and unstructured, that are too large or complex to be dealt with by traditional data-processing application software

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2

structured data

data that resides in a fixed field within a spreadsheet or relational database; data that has been intentionally collected in a organized manner

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3

unstructured data

data that is not stored in a predefined way; it is not structured or categorized

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4

The Five V’s of Big Data

volume, velocity, variety, veracity, value

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5

data center

a physical room, building, or facility that houses the equipment necessary for storing data and hosting applications and services

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6

data compression

a reduction in the number of bits needed to represent data

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7

lossy compression

a non-reversible process that reduces the number of bits in a digital file by discarding some of the data and information

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8

lossless compression

a reversible process that reduces the number of bits in a digital file without losing any data

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9

byte

a group of 8 bits

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10

kilobyte

one thousand bytes

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11

megabyte

one million bytes (or one thousand kilobytes)

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12

gigabyte

one billion bytes (or one thousand megabytes)

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13

terabyte

one trillion bytes (or one thousand gigabytes)

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14

cleaning data

a process that makes data uniform without changing its meaning

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15

bias

prejudice in favor of or against one thing, person, or group compared with another, usually in a way considered to be unfair

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16

COPPA

Children’s Online Privacy Protection Act

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17

data

raw facts and statistics collected together for reference or analysis

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18

information

data that has been processed, interpreted, analyzed, organized, or structured to make it more meaningful or useful

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19

extraction

retrieving data, processing it, and placing it in a structure that can be analyzed

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20

filtering

temporarily removing or hiding unwanted data

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21

sorting

arranging data in alphabetical or numerical order

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22

data mining

the practice of analyzing large databases in order to generate new information

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23

trend analysis

the practice of attempting to spot a pattern in data

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24

pattern

consistencies/repetitions in data; useful for predicting future behavior or events

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25

visualization

the presentation of data in a pictorial or graphical form; allows decision makers to grasp a difficult concept or identify new patterns

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26

causation

proof that one event or condition directly led to another event or condition

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27

correlation

how closely related two or more events or condition are; just because trend graphs look similar does not mean that one trend caused another trend

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28

model

a physical or virtual representation of an object, concept, or idea

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29

simulation

a method for testing a hypothesis of a situation using a model

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