Articulations and Body Movements

Cartilaginous articulations

synchondroses and symphysis

sychondroses

hyaline cartilage! costal cartilage of rib 1 and sternum

symphysis

fibrocartilage! intervertebral joints

fibrous articulations

sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses

synovial articulations

all joints! gliding or plane joint, hinge joint, pivot, condyloid, saddle, ball and socket

bony articulations

synostosis

synarthroses

immovable! synostosis, sutures, gomphoses, and synchdroses

amphiarthroses

slightly movable! syndesmoses and symphis

diarthroses

freely movable; all joints/synovial articulations

sutures

all sutures in skull

syndesmoses

distal end tibia and fibula

gomphoses

tooth and socket

plane joint

between the carpals of the wrist; nonaxial and gliding

hinge joint

elbow joint; uniaxial flexion and extension

pivot joint

proximal radioulnar joint and vertebrae uniaxial; rotation

condylar joint

between metacarpals and proximal phalanx biaxial; flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

saddle joint

between the trapezium and metatarsal 1; biaxial: flexion, extension, adduction, and abduction

ball and socket

shoulder joint or hip and femur; multiaxial: flexion, extension, adduction, abduction, and rotation

muscle contraction

insertion bone moves towards the origin bone

flexion

decreases angle of the joint and reduces distance between two bones

extension

increases angle of the joint and increases distance between two bones

abduction

moving limb away from the midline

adduction

moving the limb toward midline

rotation

movement around the axis

circumduction

combination of these things; commonly in ball-socket joints

dorsiflexion

lifting toe; standing on heel

plantarflexion

standing on toes

pronation

radius rotates over ulna

supination

radius and ulna are parallel

inversion

moving a part (ex foot) medial

eversion

moving a part (ex foot) lateral

depression

mouth opening

elevation

mouth closing