A&P final reproductive system

leydig cells

testosterone is secreted from ____ in the testes

LH hormone

hormone that signals to leydig cells to make testosterone

sertoli cells

cells that support sperm through development are ____

FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone)

hormone signal that helps support sertoli cells

how does seminal fluid help facilitate movement of sperm toward the egg?

NUTRIENT SUPPORT, ALKALINE Ph TO NEUTRALIZE VAGINAL ACID, PROSTAGLANDINS STIMULATE SPERM MBILITY & VIABILITY, AND CLOTTING PROTEINS FOR COAGULATION OF SEMEN, fructose for atp production

spermatogenesis

the sperm maturation steps that occur in the testes, final maturation, known as

seminiferous tubules of the testes; later phase- female reproductive tract

where does spermiogenesis occur

fertilization

final stage of meiosis of the egg requires this to occur ____

mature follicle (graafian oocyte), secondary oocyte; ovulation

final two stages of follicular development include the development of the ___ and progression to the release of the ____. this release is known as ____

luteinising hormone

ovulation will be preceded by a huge spike in ____ and a urine test for this hormone can notify a woman of that event in the cycle

gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)

hormone that controls the entire ovarian cycle and is release from the hypothalamus

excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

four stages of human sexual intercourse

zygote; diploid

the fusion of a haploid egg (23 chromosomes) and sperm (23 chromosomes) creates a ____ which is called a _____ that has 46 chromosomes

morula

shortly after the fusion of a zygote happens, a solid ball of cells __ develops

endometrium; wall of the uterus

where is the embryo implanted and where is that located w/in body

amniotic sac

surrounds the embryo with fluid, acting as a shock absorber

allantois

outpocketing tissue that will eventually become the umbilical cord

decidua capsularis

what covers the embryo when it implants into the endometrium and the part of the uterine wall that is the last to be modified when placenta fuses

chorionic villi

during the placental phase this develops from one of the embryonic layers and tissue reaches into the intervillous spaces to exchange w/ a maternal blood filtrate

human chorionic gonadotropin (hCH); corpus luteum

hormone being sent when the lining of the uterus to avoid via communication from the implanted embryo and where is it being sent__ in the ovary

placenta

is fully formed at 3-4 months and is fully formed and produces sufficient progesterone and estrogen to maintain the pregnancy

organizational effects

what type of effects happen during the fetal development the presence of steroids will pattern reproductive organs and brain development

puberty; 11-14 years later

the reproductive tissues get activated in physiological state called and how many years later

estrogen; progesterone

when this first hormone ____ reaches high levels in the mother and overcomes ____ labor will begin

cortisol

what hormone is secreted by the fetus that signals to the mothers body that it is time for labor

estrogen

hormone that promotes mammary gland development so that milk is ready at birth

prolactin

the production of milk in the mammary gland is started by what hormone

oxytocin

milk letdown (smooth muscle contraction) is controlled by this hormone; and is sent from the posterior pituitary to the uterus during contractions

positive feedback loop

oxytocin is sent from posterior pituitary to the uterus during contractions is on a ____ which means more stretch leads to more hormone

negative feedback loop

most hormones are on a ____ where excess leads to more hormone in the blood shut off the system that produced them

codominace

sickle cell anemia is controlled by a gene expression pattern known as where both normal and sickle cell types may be present

polygenic traits

height and skin color are examples of traits

sex-linked traits

they appear more often in men with just one x-chromosome

hemophilia

a sex-linked trait, that appears more in men and leads to blood clotting disorder

nondisjunction

when chromosomes don’t fully separate leaving a piece of a chromosome attached to another

down syndrome

what happens when you have one or more chromosomes