Bac Phys Ch 4- Exam 1

bacterial cytoskeleton similar proteins to eukaryotes

MreB (actin), FtsZ (tubulin)

which protein is at the site of cell division and forms a septal Z ring

FtsZ

which proteins are recruited during septal ring formation and it’s necessary for peptidoglycan synthesis

FtsI and FtsW

the z ring ____ the cell and relocates enzymes for lateral _____ expansion

splits, peptidoglycan

which protein is required for cells to elongate and found in many rods

Mre

Mre recruits which three crucial enzymes

transglycolases, cross-linked enzymes, hydrolases

transglycolases ____ glycan chains

elongate

cross linking enzymes form

peptide bonds

hydrolases introduce ____ to add more components for elongation

gaps

what would happen to loss of function in FtsZ

there would be long, nonseptal filaments

what would happen to loss of function in MreB

cells divide normal but lose rod shape (sphere)

which protein has similar characteristics to intermediate filaments and has a helical shape along the cell membrane

crescentin

crescentin causes caulobacter to _____ and not be a straight rod

curve

PHB granules store what as PHB

carbon and energy

what are mollicutes

bacteria without cell walls

mollicutes (like mycoplasma and sphirocetes) have an _____ cytoskeleton to determine shape

internal

Very thin, round, helical, tubelike cells

• Swimming bacteria

• Helical contractions and extensions of the cell

• Rotation around the helical axis

spiroplasma

spiroplasma has a flat, helical cell ___

ribbon

adaptive response of nutrient limitation

endospores

spores are _____ and seen mostly in gram

dormant, positiees

decision made in cell cycle

form septum for cell division or form a polar septum and sporulate

cell density indication for sporulation

pentapeptides

spore forms __ cytoplasm

inside

stage 0

growing vegetative cells

two chromosomes condense, septum start to form

stage 1

septum divides it into two compartments

stage 2

DNA translocase SpoIIIE ______ in stage __

translocates remaining dna into forespore (smaller) compartment in stage 2

stage 3

mother encloses forespore (just floating in mother now)

in stage 3, the forespore gets

an inner and outer membrane

stage 4

cortex is synthesized

the cortex is made out of

PG

stage 5

spore coat is synthesized by mother

stage 6

resistance properties develop

stage 7

mother lyses and mature spore is released

what is incorporated and creates the endospore and provides heat resistance

calcium dipicolinate

a spore coat of _____ is around the cortex

keratin like

which protein is synthesized during sporolation and not vegetative growth

racA

lack of racA results in

forespores without dna

phosphorylation of what results in sporolation

spo0A

histidine kinases that autophosphorylate during starvation and stress

kin a and kin b

kin a is _____ and kin b is ____

cytoplasmic, membrane bound

spo0F is a _____ protein and puts a phosphate group on

spo0B-P

spo0B transfers phosphate to

spo0A-P

spo0A-P is a

transcription factor that regulates expression of sporulatoin genes

spo0E dephosphorylates

spo0A

rapA and rapB dephosphorylate

Spo0F-P

what activates transcription of rapA phosphatase protein

comA and comP

to inhibit rapA, ___ must be processed

PhrA

rapB prevents phosphorylation by dephosphorylating

spo0F

rapB is ___ transcribed but is inhibited by

consitutively, CSF pentapeptide

CSF peptide is a _____ that increases with ______ during ___ phase

quroum sensor, density, stationary

rapB mutants

sporulate early at low density

what fraction of chromosome is in forespore v mother

1/3, 2/3