[6] APUSH Civil War - period 5

Panic of 1857

North's economy fell, but South was self-sustainable so they thought "King Cotton" was better than "King Commerce"

Republicans thought free labor ideology was possible in the North but not in the South because slaves had no upward mobility.

Views of Election of 1860🔴

Republicans don't care about current slavery, they just don't want it to spread

South realizes they'll never got what they wanted because North had more popular votes

Election of 1860

Southern Democrats didn't support Douglas.

Republicans didn't nominate Seward because he already had a career. They nominated Lincoln because he had a poor upbringing that appealed to North.

Lincoln won.

Dred Scott Case

-a slave sued for freedom because he was in a state above Missouri compromise line

-ruling: Missouri Compromise was unconstitutional and Black people weren't citizens

still an unsolved issue after the Civil War

Lecompton Constitution

Kansas was applying to become a state and voters could choose between an anti-slavery state constitution (although there was a loophole that allowed slavery) or a pro-slavery state constitution. Buchanan accepted the pro-slavery one so the South wouldn't secede. Bu tit lost in the House of Representatives, so it remained undecided. Douglas didn't like this because there was no popular sovereignty.

Southern reaction to "Impending Crisis of the South"

Although a few were unsettled by it and were anti-slavery, many stuck by slavery due to racial superiority

Filibustering and the Grey-Eyed Man of Destiny🔴

South tried to expand South since Missouri Compromise allowed slavery below the Pacific line. Southerners raided and tried to control Central American territories but failed

Reconstructed gov. after Civil War🔴

-New National bank

-Morrill Tariff= protected manufacturers

-Pacific Railway Act= railroad connected North and West

-Homestead Act= free land in West for farmers

3 pieces of literature in the Civil War era

Uncle Tom's Cabin= spread anti-slavery thoughts, especially in the North

Impending Crisis of the South= slavery caused the downfall of the South

Cannibals All= said slaves were treated better than oppressive labor companies in the North

John Brown

Antislavery leader of riots in Kansas, including the one at Harpers Ferry

Kansas-Nebraska Act

-Popular sovereignty in territories of Kansas and Nebraska

-Violated Missouri Compromise's 36 30

-Split Whigs sectionally

Bleeding Kansas

-"border ruffians" voted as many times as possible illegally for pro-slavery. There were soon riots, and North began to think of South as violent

Election of 1856🔴

Republicans (North): Internal transportation, Fremont

Democrats: Buchanan, popular sovereignty, slandered Republicans as "Black Republicans" who wanted racial equality.

People voted for Buchanan because the South threatened to leave. Buchanan won

Civilian life after Civil War🔴

-North was Republican

-Free Soilers focused on White peoples' opportunities

-Democrats liked war but not Lincoln's methods

-Lincoln suspended habeas corpus

-laborers and immigrants didn't like how you could pay to get out of the draft

"Know-Nothings"/"American Party and nativism

nativism= the idea that American-born citizens were superior to immigrants

The Know-Nothings/American Party supported nativist values and took followers from Democratic and Whig party

Fort Sumter/start of the Civil war

seceded states kept landmarks and forts that were within their borders rather than giving them to the Union. Buchanan refused to withdraw Union troops from Fort Sumter, so Confederates had cannons ready. Lincoln's inaugural speech sneakily gave Confederate President Davis the decision of starting a war, placing the ball in his court. Davis decided to attack, and the Civil War started

Crittenden Compromise🔴

Lincoln didn't support this

-protects slavery

-prohibits Congress from banning slavery in DC or federal property

-Congress can't interfere with inter-state slave trade

-compensate slave owners

-slavery below the 36 30 line (which could lead to more raids/filibusters)

South secedes

South Carolina left first and others followed. They said US was born of revolution, they were just doing the same. Others joined Confederacy after Civil War started. States left because of states' rights and slavery

Slavery in the Civil War

"contraband" were slaves who escaped into Union and couldn't be returned. Slaves began to fight in battles, like the 54th Massachusetts Infantry

Battles of Bullrun, Ulysses Grant, and the Trent Affairs🔴

Battles of Bullrun: Confederacy won both times due to more superior leadership

Grant: led many military victories

Trent affair: Unionizers captured Confederates that were on their way to Britain, which almost turned Britain agains the Union

Death of the Whigs

-Taylor's nomination pissed off Northern Whigs because he owned slaves, but he also made California a free state and that pissed off Southern Whigs

-Kansas-Nebraska Act pissed off the North

-Most of the Whigs left to join the Free Soil and Know-Nothings parties

Antietam, Vicksburg, and Gettysburg

Antietam= (similar to battle of Saratoga in revolutionary war) was supposed to get Britain on Confederate's side but there was no winner

Vicksburg= Union gained control of the Mississippi river and won

Gettysburg= Union found Confederacy's war plans and ambushed them en route, Union won

Emancipation Proclamation

Abolished slavery in Confederate states, not in border states

Sherman's March

After capturing Atlanta, Sherman (Unionizer) knew Southerners wouldn't surrender so he forced them to by crossing the South and destroying everything in his path. This helped Lincoln be reelected, but left physical damage

Views of Kansas-Nebraska Act🔴

Douglas= liked popular sovereignty

South= doesn't like it but not accepting it would be bad for the South because North wouldn't want to compromise in the future

Compromise of 1850

-Cali was a free state

-New Mexico extends its border into Texas but Texas does get compensated

-fugitive slave law

-slave trade abolished

-New Mexico and Utah are admitted into Union

Fugitive Slave Law

the only part of the Compromise of 1850 that the South gets, so they use it to their advantage (which is ironic because South doesn't like federal laws)

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Union

PROS

-strong central gov.

-strong president

-strong, diverse economy

-access to industry

-big army

CONS

-conquering position (harder to attack than defend)

-fighting against Americans

-bad military leaders

Advantages and Disadvantages of the Confederacy

PROS

-Defensive position (easier to defend than attack)

-stronger military leaders

CONS

-no central gov

-President had limited powers

-weak economy

-relied on foreign support, but other nations never gave it because they didn't support slavery

Peace Democrats/Copperheads🔴

wanted to end the war peacefully but Republicans called them "Copperheads"