Unit 5-11 jazz and popular music vocabulary

unit 5- Big Band Swing

Swing-era or swing-style music performed by a big band.

unit 6- A cappella

Vocal music without instrumental accompaniment

unit 6- Boogie-woogiw

A blues piano style characterized by repetitive bass figures, usually in a shuffle rhythm

unit 6- Country blues

A family of African American folk blues styles that flourished in the rural South.

unit 6- Gospel

A family of religious music styles: there is white and black gospel music. Black gospel music hashad the more profound influence on popular music by far. Created around 1930 by ThomasDorsey and others, gospel has influenced popular singing, especially rhythm and blues, since theearly 1950s.

unit 6- griot

in West African culture, the tribe's healer (witch doctor), historian (preserver of its history in hissongs), and, along with the master drummer, most important musician

unit 6- hokum

A upbeat blues style that emerged between the first and second world wars.

unit 7- bluegrass

An updated version of the country's old-time string band music. developed in the late 1940 under the guidance of mandolinist Bill Monroe

unit 7- broadside

A topical text sung to a well-known tune. an urban folk music with printed words

unit 7- country music

A music genre which emerged out of the commercialization, broadcasting, and recording ofsouthern folk music

unit 7- Cover version

Recording of a song by an act other than the first to record it

unit 7- electric steel guitar

Invented in the early 1930s, it soon replaced the dobro as the instrument of choice for lapguitarists.

unit 7- folk music

Music made by a group of people (e.g., Cajuns, Navahos, or whites from rural Appalachia), mostly without formal musical training, primarily for their amusement or for the amusement of others in the group. Within the group, folk music is transmitted orally. Within the popular tradition, folk music has also referred to folksongs sung by commercial musicians (e.g., the Kingston Trio) or music with elements of folk style (e.g., the folk rock of the late 1960s).

unit 7- honky tonk

Country music is appropriate for a noisy, working-class bar or club

unit 7- thumb brush style

An early country guitar style in which the performer plays the melody on the lower strings and, between melody notes, brushes the chords on the upper strings. It was first popularized by Maybelle Carter.

unit 7-traditional country vocal

A singing style characterized by a flat, sometime nasal sound with little inflection. (a straight tone)

unit 7- western swing

A swing style of country music which emerged in the Southwest in the 1930s.

unit 8- beguine

In American popular music, an Americanized form of the Cuban rumba. It has a similar rhythmicfeel but lacks the clave rhythm heard in authentic Afro-Cuban music.

unit 8- clave rhythm

The characteristic rhythm of Afro-Cuban music. It can be represented as: //X x x X x x X x // x x Xx X x x x //. The x's indicate an eight-beat rhythm; X's are accented notes. To create a reverseclave rhythm, switch the two measures

unit 8- claves

Pair of cylindrical wooden sticks that are tapped together

unit 8- downtown latin style

A watered-down version of Afro-Cuban music intended for the white American market.

unit 8- habanera

A dance created in Cuba during the early nineteenth century that became popular in both Europe and South America. Its characteristic rhythm resurfaced in the Argentine tango and the cakewalk.

unit 8- mambo

First twentieth-century Latin dance fads to develop on American soil; it merged authentic Afro-Cuban son with big-band horns and riffs

unit 8- montuno

in Afro-Cuban music, a syncopated accompanying figure, usually played on the piano, that isrepeated indefinitely.

unit 8- reverse clave rhythm

A version of the clave rhythm, in which the second half of the pattern comes first.

unit 8- tumbao

a syncopated bass pattern charateristic of afro cuban music

unit 8- uptown latin style

The sound of authentic Afro-Cuban music in the 1940s and 50s

Unit 9- bop (bepop)

a jazz style that developed in the 1940s, characterized by fast tempos, irregular streams of notes, and considerable rhythmic conflict

Unit 9- comping

In bop jazz style, chordal accompaniment is played in rhythmically irregular or unpredictable patterns

Unit 9- standard

a song that remains popular well after its initial appearance; songs that live on in recordings, films,and live performances.

Unit 10 - deep blues

Early acoustic blues originating from the Mississippi and surrounding areas.

unit 10 - doo-wop

A pop-oriented R&B genre that typically featured remakes of popular standards or pop-styleoriginals sung by black vocal groups. died out in the early 1960s with the rise of the girlgroups and Motown

Unit 10 - jump band

in the late 1940s, a small band-rhythm section plus a few horns that played a rhythm-and-bluesstyle influenced by big-band swing and electric blues. Saxophonist/vocalist Louis Jordan was akey performer in this style

unit 10 - rhythm and blues (r&b)

A term used since the mid-forties to describe African American popular styles, especially those influenced by blues and/or dance music.

unit 10 - triplet

Rhythmic pattern that divides each beat into three equal parts

uni1 11- multitrack recording

The process of recording each part of a performance separately, then mixing them into a completeperformance. The Beatles, along with their producer George Martin, were among the first to takefull advantage of multitrack recording techniques.

unit 11- obbligato

A second melody playing under the main melody.

unit 11- Overdubbing

The process of recording an additional part onto an existing recording.

unit 11- payola scandal

The practice of record companies' bribing disk jockeys to secure airplay for their records

unit 11- rock ability

According to Carl Perkins, a country take on rhythm and blues, performed mainly by whiteSoutherners, that combined elements of country music with rock and roll. Rockabilly was mostpopular in the midfifties.

unit 11- surf music

A regional rock from California notable for high-register close harmony vocals and innovativeguitar effects.