Understanding Social Deviance and Group Dynamics

Primary deviance

First act of rule breaking incurring deviant label.

Secondary deviance

Subsequent rule breaking after primary deviance.

Stigma

Negative label altering self-concept and identity.

Labeling theory

Theory explaining how labels shape self-identity.

Social control

Mechanisms ensuring compliance with societal norms.

Anomie

Aimlessness from lack of social regulation.

Conformist

Individual accepting societal goals and strategies.

Formal deviance

Violation of laws enacted by society.

Primary groups

Close associations like family and friends.

Secondary groups

Groups joined for external purposes or goals.

Dyad

Smallest social group with two members.

Triad

Social group consisting of three members.

Reference group

Group providing standards for self-evaluation.

Group dynamics

Study of group formation and influence.

In-group

People identifying based on shared characteristics.

De-stigmatized

Regarded as not disgraceful or disapproved.

Impression management

Practices of presenting oneself to influence perception.

Front stage

Public behavior emphasizing certain traits.

Social deviance

Transgression of established social norms.

Total institution

Enclosed environment where individuals share life.

Role conflict

Clash between roles of different statuses.

Role strain

Clash between roles of a single status.

Status set

All statuses held by an individual.

Role embrace

Accepting a role as part of identity.

Role distance

Refusing to let a role define oneself.

Peer pressure

Influence to conform to group beliefs or actions.

Asch experiment

Study on peer pressure affecting perception.

Peer Pressure

Influence from peers affecting individual decisions.

Liminality

Transitional spaces or states of being.

Gang Leader for a Day

Book detailing Venkatesh's gang life study.

Community Dependency

Reliance on gangs for essential services.

Social Construction of Reality

Perceptions shaped by societal norms and beliefs.

Deviance

Behavior that violates societal norms.

Impression Management

Presenting an idealized self in social contexts.

Master Status

Most important status in a person's identity.

Status Degradation Ceremony

Process of lowering an individual's social status.

Social Isolation

Lack of social engagement and belonging.

Loneliness

Discrepancy between desired and actual relationships.

Dramaturgical Analysis

Theatrical metaphor for analyzing social interactions.

Front Region

Social setting where roles are performed.

Back Region

Private space for relaxation away from roles.

Cultural Differences

Local customs challenging broader societal norms.

Micro-Sociology Focus

Study of everyday interactions and social structures.

Socialization Agents

Entities influencing individual social development.

Nurture

Environmental influences on individual development.

Nature

Innate characteristics influencing behavior.

Passing

Concealing stigmatizing information about oneself.

Broken Windows Theory

Social context influences deviant behavior.

Electoral College

Process for electing president and vice president.

Research Encounter

Venkatesh's initial skepticism from gang members.

Community Population

40,000 residents relying on gang support.

Gang Size

JT's gang consists of 250 members.

Social Construction Example

Cultural perceptions of food vary globally.

Peer Influence

Three peers can significantly sway opinions.

Boundary Maintenance

Controlling backstage access to preserve performance integrity.

Social Facades

Hiding imperfections to maintain reputation in society.

Adaptation and Resistance

Strategies to navigate and resist societal expectations.

The Self

A collection of performances shaped by social context.

Make-work

Appear productive when supervisors are present.

Cultural Practices

Social roles vary across different cultural settings.

Decorum

Behavior expectations in sacred versus secular spaces.

Backstage

Preparation area for rehearsing social roles.

Service Management

Controlling customer perceptions for flawless service.

Authority Figures

Influence employee behavior in social settings.

Authenticity

All social behavior involves performance for audiences.

Performativity

Navigating and resisting social structures through actions.

Morticians' Stigma

Social stigma associated with handling death.

Role Distance

Separating personal identity from professional role.

Physical Examination Strategies

Methods to desexualize patient interactions.

Chaperone Role

Provides protection during medical examinations.

Reference Group

Standard for self-evaluation and goal preparation.

Anticipatory Socialization

Preparing for future roles by joining relevant groups.

Significant Others

Key individuals influencing personal development.

Generalized Other

Collective societal norms learned through socialization.

Secondary Groups

Groups formed for external purposes, like education.

Socialization Limitations

Inability to regulate all situations and norms.

Generation Gap

Friction between parents and teens during adolescence.