Early Childhood Development

These flashcards cover key concepts related to early childhood physical development, brain development, sleep phases, nutrition, childhood obesity, education approaches, and government initiatives to promote healthy lifestyles.

What are the physical characteristics that differentiate toddlers from early childhood children?

Toddlers appear short and stocky, while early childhood kids look longer and leaner.

What key aspect of brain development occurs during early childhood?

Dendritic growth and myelination, along with the development of executive functions such as inhibitory control and working memory.

What are the phases of sleep during early childhood?

NREM sleep (light and deep), and REM sleep.

How many hours of sleep do toddlers typically need each day?

Toddlers need 11–14 hours of sleep per day.

What are the recommended daily servings of fruits and vegetables for a healthy lifestyle?

5 or more servings of fruits and vegetables.

What BMI range defines overweight and obesity in children?

Overweight: BMI between the 95th and 97th percentile; Obese: BMI above the 97th percentile for age and sex.

What are some strategies governments can utilize to promote healthy lifestyles in young children?

Implementing nutrition policies, regulating food advertisements, and creating access to healthy foods.

What does the Montessori approach emphasize in early childhood education?

Child-led learning, focus on independence and sensory exploration.

What is the focus of the Reggio Emilia approach?

Learning through exploration, projects, and artistic expression.

What are some benefits of the HighScope approach in early childhood education?

Daily plan-do-review sequence that supports language, math, social-emotional, and motor skills.