AP Comp. Sci. Principles Midterm Vocab

The Internet

is a network of computing networks that is used for different locations to communicate with each other

Net Neutrality

the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers (ISP)

Digital Divide

the gap between those who benefit from the Digital Age and those who don't

Internet Censorship

control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators

Computing Device

is a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

Path

is connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

Bandwidth

is the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

Copper wire

bits transmitted via electricity

Fiber optic

bits transmitted via light

Wifi

bits transmitted via radio waves

Latency

is the time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver

Protocol

is a well known set of rules and standards on how to handle the information

HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

is the set of rules for transferring files -- such as text, images, sound, video and other multimedia files -- over the web

DNS (Domain Name System)

is a system that can associate names with corresponding addresses

WWW (World Wide Web)

refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computers and other devices through the internet

DNS Spoofing

hacking into a DNS server and changing the IP addresses to send users to a fake website

Packets

are small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. They do NOT travel together when transferred.

TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.  It puts all the tiny data packets back together

Redundancy/Network Redundancy

is the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network

Fault Tolerant

is when a system can continue to function even in the event of individual components failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups

integer

is a whole number data type

boolean

is a True or False data type

float

is a decimal data type

string

is a series of text data type

parameter

acts as a placeholder when the function is created and will take in a specific value when the function is called

argument

is the actual value for a parameter