AP Comp. Sci. Principles Midterm Vocab

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26 Terms

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The Internet

is a network of computing networks that is used for different locations to communicate with each other

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Net Neutrality

the principle that all Internet traffic should be treated equally by Internet Service Providers (ISP)

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Digital Divide

the gap between those who benefit from the Digital Age and those who don't

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Internet Censorship

control or suppression of what can be accessed, published, or viewed on the Internet enacted by regulators

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Computing Device

is a machine that can run a program, including computers, tablets, servers, routers, and smart sensors

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Path

is connections between computing devices on a network starting with a sender and ending with a receiver

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Bandwidth

is the maximum amount of data that can be sent in a fixed amount of time, usually measured in bits per second

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Copper wire

bits transmitted via electricity

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Fiber optic

bits transmitted via light

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Wifi

bits transmitted via radio waves

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Latency

is the time it takes for a bit to travel from its sender to its receiver

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Protocol

is a well known set of rules and standards on how to handle the information

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HTTPS (Hypertext Transfer Protocol)

is the set of rules for transferring files -- such as text, images, sound, video and other multimedia files -- over the web

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DNS (Domain Name System)

is a system that can associate names with corresponding addresses

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WWW (World Wide Web)

refers to all the public websites or pages that users can access on their local computers and other devices through the internet

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DNS Spoofing

hacking into a DNS server and changing the IP addresses to send users to a fake website

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Packets

are small chunks of information that have been carefully formed from larger chunks of information. They do NOT travel together when transferred.

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TCP (Transmission Control Protocol)

provides reliable, ordered, and error-checked delivery of a stream of packets on the internet.  It puts all the tiny data packets back together

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Redundancy/Network Redundancy

is the inclusion of extra components so that a system can continue to work even if individual components fail, for example by having more than one path between any two connected devices in a network

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Fault Tolerant

is when a system can continue to function even in the event of individual components failures. This is important because elements of complex systems like a computer network fail at unexpected times, often in groups

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integer

is a whole number data type

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boolean

is a True or False data type

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float

is a decimal data type

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string

is a series of text data type

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parameter

acts as a placeholder when the function is created and will take in a specific value when the function is called

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argument

is the actual value for a parameter