Muscle Attachments

Gluteus maximus

Proximal = gluteal surface of ilium posterior to gluteal line, posterior part of iliac crest, posterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, sacrotuberous ligament

Distal = iliotibial tract, gluteal tuberosity

Gluteus medius

Proximal = gluteal surface of ilium between posterior/anterior gluteal lines

Distal = greater trochanter

Gluteus minimus

Proximal = gluteal surface of ilium between anterior and inferior gluteal lines

Distal = greater trochanter

Tensor fascia lata

Proximal = anterior part of iliac crest and adjacent gluteal surface, anterior superior iliac spine

Distal = Gerdy’s tubercle via iliotibial tract

Piriformis

Proximal = anterior surface of second to fourth sacral segments, gluteal surface of ilium, sacrotuberous ligament

Distal = medial surface of greater trochanter

Superior gemellus

Proximal = ischial spine

Distal = medial surface of greater trochanter via tendon of obturator internus

Obturator internus

Proximal = internal surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone

Distal = medial surface of greater trochanter

Inferior gemellus

Proximal = ischial tuberosity

Distal = medial surface of greater trochanter via tendon of obturator internus

Obturator externus

Proximal = external surface of obturator membrane and adjacent bone

Distal = trochanteric fossa

Sartorius

Proximal = anterior superior iliac spine

Distal = proximal part of medial surface of tibia, medial collateral ligament of knee

Rectus femoris

Proximal = anterior inferior iliac spine, ilium superior to acetabulum

Distal = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Vastus lateralis

Proximal = upper lateral part of intertrochanteric line, lower border of greater trochanter, lateral side of gluteal tuberosity, proximal ½ lateral lip of line aspera

Distal = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament, blends with iliotibial tract

Vastus medialis

Proximal = lower medial part of intertrochanteric line, medial surface of proximal femur shaft, medial lip of linea aspera, proximal 2/3 of medial supracondylar ridge

Distal = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Vastus intermedius

Proximal = proximal 2/3 of anterior/lateral surface of femur

Distal = tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

Psoas major

Proximal = bodies and intervening intervertebral discs of T12-L4, transverse processes of L1-L5

Distal = lesser trochanter

Iliacus

Proximal = iliac fossa, ala of sacrum, anterior sacroiliac ligament

Distal = lesser trochanter

Pectineus

Proximal = superior pubic ramus, iliopubic eminence, pubic tubercle

Distal = pectineal line

Gracilis

Proximal = anterior body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus

Distal = proximal part of medial surface of tibia

Adductor longus

Proximal = anterior body of pubis between pubic crest and symphysis

Distal = middle 2/3 of linea aspera

Adductor brevis

Proximal = anterolateral body of pubis, inferior pubic ramus

Distal = proximal ½ of linea aspera

Adductor magnus

Proximal = ischiopubic ramus (adductor), ischial tuberosity (hamstring)

Distal = linea aspera and medial supracondylar ridge (adductor), adductor tubercle (hamstring)

Biceps femoris

Proximal = ischial tuberosity and sacrotuberous ligament (long head), distal ½ lateral lip of linea aspera and proximal ½ lateral supracondylar ridge (short head)

Distal = fibula head

Semitendinosus

Proximal = ischial tuberosity

Distal = proximal part of medial surface of tibia

Semimembranosus

Proximal = ischial tuberosity

Distal = posteromedial surface of medial tibial condyle

Quadratus femoris

Proximal = ischial tuberosity

Distal = quadrate tubercle