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Germination
The process by which a dormant seed begins to sprout and grow into a seedling under the right growing conditions.a
Period of dormancy
Most seeds require some before they will germinate
Scarification
Involves artificially cracking the seed coat.
Imbition
The first stem in seed germination
Imbition
Results in swelling of the seed as the cellular constituents get rehydrated
Imbition
It rupture the seed coats and enables the radicle to come out in the form of primary root.
Respiration
Imbibition of water causes the resumption of metabolic activity in the rehydrated seed
Anaerobic
Aerobic
Initially their respiration may be (1) (due to the energy provided by glycolysis) but it soon becomes (2) as oxygen begins entering the seed
Photoblastic.
The seeds which respond to light for their germination.
Positive photoblastic seeds
Do not germinate in darkness but require exposure to sunlight (may be for a brief period) for germination.
Negative photoblastic seeds
Do not germinate if exposed to sunlight.
Non-photoblastic seeds
Germinate irrespective of the presence (exposure) or absence (non-exposure) of light.
Metabolic activity
Division
Expansion
During germination, the cells of the embryo resume (1) and undergo (2) and (3).
Endosperm
Depending upon the nature of the seed, the food reserves may be stored chiefly in the (1).
Metabolically
After the translocation of food and its subsequent assimilation, the cells of the embryo in the growing regions become (1) very active.
Seeds emerge out of the soil or above the soil
Epigeal Germination
The cotyledons come out above the soil surface and generally turn green and act as first foliage leaves. This type of germination present in groundnut, bean, cotton, sunflower, and cotton seeds.
Seeds remain inside the soil or below the soil
Hypogeal Germination
The cotyledons do not come above the soil surface. This type of germination is found in wheat, barley, maize, and pea.
