Chapter 11 Vocabulary Matching: Cell Growth and Division Flashcards

Flashcards based on vocabulary matching exercise covering cell growth and division.

Centriole

Structure in an animal cell that helps to organize cell division.

Metaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes line up across the center of the cell.

Pluripotent

Cells that are capable of developing into most, but not all, of the body’s cell types.

Cyclin

One of a family of proteins that regulates the cell cycle in eukaryotic cells.

Interphase

Period of the cell cycle between cell divisions, during which the cell grows and replicates its DNA and centrioles.

Sexual Reproduction

Type of reproduction in which cells from two parents unite to form the first cell of a new organism.

Asexual Reproduction

Process of reproduction involving a single parent that results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent.

Chromatid

One of two identical “sister” parts of a duplicated chromosome.

Prophase

First and longest phase of mitosis in which the genetic material inside the nucleus condenses and the chromosomes become visible.

Growth Factor

One of a group of external regulatory proteins that stimulate the growth and division of cells.

Blastocyst

Stage of early development in mammals that consists of a hollow ball of cells.

Chromatin

Substance found in eukaryotic chromosomes that consists of DNA tightly coiled around histones.

Cell Cycle

A series of events in which a cell grows, prepares for division, and divides to form two daughter cells.

Centromere

Region of a chromosome in which the two sister chromatids attach.

Mitosis

Part of eukaryotic cell division during which the cell nucleus divides.

Anaphase

Phase of mitosis in which the chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of the cell.

Cytokinesis

The cytoplasm pinches in half. Each daughter cell has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes.

Totipotent

Cells that are able to develop into any type of cell found in the body.

Telophase

Phase of mitosis in which the distinct individual chromosomes begin to spread out into a tangle of chromatin.

Differentiation

Process by which cells become specialized in structure and function.

Apoptosis

Process of programmed cell death.

Embryo

Developing stage of a multicellular organism.

Stem Cell

Unspecialized cell that can give rise to one or more types of specialized cells.

Cell Division

The process by which a cell divides into two daughter cells.

Tumor

Mass of rapidly dividing cells that can damage surrounding tissue.

Cancer

Disorder in which some of the body’s cells lose the ability to control growth.

Chromosome

Threadlike structure of DNA and protein that contains genetic information.

Multipotent

Cell with limited potential to develop into many types of differentiated cells.