Pathology EXAM 1

corrugated

wavy or wrinkled surface

fissure

surface cleft/groove with prominent depth

papillary

small solid surface projections/elevations found in clusters

sessile

flat base

polypoid

base between sessile and pedunculated

penduculated

stalk like base

macule

a flat, discolored spot on the skin that is less than 1 centimeter in diameter.

papule

elevated, solid lesion on the skin that is less than 1 centimeter in diameter.

nodule

a solid, raised lesion on the skin that is more than 1 centimeter in diameter.

lobule

segment or lobe part of whole lesion, sometimes appear fused

vesicle

small, elevated lesion that contains SEROUS fluid

pustules

variously sized elevation containing PUS

bulla

large (>5mm), blister-like elevation that contains fluid.

ill defined

how would you describe the BORDERs of this lesion

well-defined/circumscribed

how would you describe these borders

unilocular

describes a lesion that has a single compartment or cavity.

multilocular and well-defined

how would you describe this lesion?

root resorption

shortened/ irregularly shaped root apex

scalloping

radiolucent lesion that extends between the roots, seen in traumatic bone cyst (TBC)

fordyce granules

clusters of ECTOPIC SEBACEOUS glands

leukoedema

diffuse, gray-white, milky lesions on bilateral mucosa

disappears when stretched

how is leukoedema diagnosed

linea alba

prominent in CLENCHING/BRUXING pts

physiological pigmentation

melanin pigmentation of oral mucosa/gingiva

ligual varicosities

dilated veins located on the ventral/lateral surface of the tongue, most common over age 60

retrocuspid papillae

sessile nodule located on the lingual surface of the mandibular cuspids.

torus palatinus

exophytic growth of normal COMPACT bone on hard palate

mandibular tori

outgrowths of normal dense bone on lingual of mandibular premolar area

diascopy

procedure to examine skin lesions by blanching with pressure

lingual thyroid

thyroid tissue is located on the tongue, often ONLY THYROID TISSUE (only remove if necessary), occurs in FEMALES more commonly

geographic tongue

a benign condition characterized by erythematous patches on the tongue

erythema migrans

erythematous patches on surfaces other than the tongue

hairy tongue

excess keratin on surface of filiform papillae

microglossia

abnormally small tongue, common with hypoplasia of mandible

macroglossia

abnormally large tongue, often associated with conditions such as Down syndrome

ankyloglossia

abnormally shot, thick lingual frenum that restricts tongue movement

commissural lip pits

Mucosal invaginations that occur at the corners of the mouth on the vermilion border

caliber persistent artery

upper lip vascular anomaly, BLEEDING RISK

exostosis

a benign bony growth on the jawbone

condylar hypoplasia

underdeveloped condyle

condylar hyperplasia

excessive growth of condyle due to NEOPLASM/ ENDOCRINE distubances

eagle syndrome

elongation of styloid process or mineralization of stylohyoid ligament

epstein’s pearls

small, white cysts along MEDIAN PALATAL raphe

bohn’s nodule

small, painless cysts located along the alveolar ridges, common in newborn

median nasal process and maxillary process

what fails to fuse in cleft lip?

cleft palate

failure of fusion of PALATAL SHELVES

orofacial clefts

most common major congenital defects

incomplete cleft lip

cleft lip that does not involve the nose

complete cleft lip

cleft lip that extends into the nose

bifid uvula

minimal manifestation of cleft palate

submucosa palatal cleft

surface intact but defect exists in underlying musculature of sooft palate

pierre robin syndrome

characterized by mandibular micrognathia, glossoptosis, and cleft palate

van der woude syndrome

genetic disorder characterized by LIP PITS, and cleft lip and/or palate

ascher syndrome

double lip, blepharochalasis (eyelid edema), and sometimes nontoxic thyroid enlargement

crouzon syndrome

craniosynostosis (premature cranial suture closure), ocular proptosis (bulging eyes), and clover leaf skull shape

apert syndrome

FUSED DIGITS, craniosynostosis, ocular proptosis, abnormal skull shape, maxillary hypoplasia

treacher collins syndrome

coloboma (notched lower eyelid), hypoplastic zygoma (depressed face), ear defect

anodontia

total lack of tooth development

ankylosis

cessation of eruption after emergence

concrescence

union of teeth by cementum alone

dens in dente

enamel organ invaginates into crown of the tooth before mineralization

dentinogenesis

formation of dentin

dilaceration

abnormal bend or curve in root of tooth

fusion

two adjacent teeth unite in the development stage, count reveals MISSING tooth

gemination

single enlarged tooh in which one tooth bud tried to divide, tooth count NORMAL

hypodontia

few teeth missing, 6 or less

impacted teeth

teeth that cant erupt due to physical obstruction

macrodontia

abnormally large teeth

microdontia

abnormally small teeth

oligodontia

type of hypodontia with 6 or more missing teeth

supernumerary

teeth that are extra beyond the normal set of teeth

gardners and cleidocranial dysplasia

syndromes associated with hyperdontia

hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia

HYPODONTIA, X-linked, reduced or absent sweating, heat intolerance, sparse hair

mesiodens

a type of supernumerary tooth that typically occurs between the MAX CENTRAL incisors

distomolar/distodens

a type of supernumerary tooth located distal to the THIRD MOLAR, often resulting in dental crowding or impaction.

paramolar

a type of supernumerary tooth located BUCCAL or LINGUAL to a MOLAR, often associated with dental anomalies.

neonatal teeth

teeth that are present with first 30 days after birth, often being primary incisors that appear earlier than usual.

natal teeth

teeth that are present AT BIRTH, typically primary incisors, which can cause feeding difficulties or dental issues.

cleidocranial dysplasia

dental hyperdontia, clavicle abnormalities, AD inheritance, and delayed/failure eruption of permanent teeth

gardner syndrome

multiple osteoma, RISK of COLORECTAL CANCER, hyperdontia, pigmented ocular fundus, epidermal cysts

isolated

most common type of macrodontia

peg lateral

type of microdontia with small lateral incisor

fusion

what dental abnormality is shown here?

gemintation

what dental abnormality is shown here?

ML cusp of maxillary molar

location of cusp of carabelli

talon cusp

what is shown here?

talon cusp

accessory cusp on lingual of incisor, usually MAX LATERAL

dens evaginitus/ occlusal pearl

what is shown here?

mandibular premolar

most common site for dens evaginatus/occlusal pearl

dens invaginitis/dens in dente

what is the diagnosis?

type I

dens in dente in which invagination is CONFINED TO CROWN

type II

dens in dente in which invagination extends BLEOW CEJ

type III

dens in dente with invagination extending through the ROOT

shovel shaped teeth

promienent marginal ridges associated with dens evaginatus

enamel pearl

nodules at furcation of multi-rooted teeth, most common on MAX MOLAR

taurodontism

what is shown here?

dilaceration

what is shown here?

hypercementosis

a condition characterized by excessive deposition of cementum on root surfaces, associated with GARDNER and PAGET disease

supernumerary root

increased number of roots

amelogenesis imperfecta

affects enamel, resulting in defective enamel formation and varying degrees of translucency and thickness