bio 1 unit 1

True or false: A cell is larger than an organelle

True

What defines “alive” in the context of a cell?

1. separate from its environment

2. able to extract energy from food

3. able to grow

4. able to reproduce

structures found in all types of cells

DNA & RNA, ribosomes, plasma membrane, cytoplasm

prokaryotic cell

genetic info in nucleoid region. Small and simple e.g. bacterial cell

eukaryotic cell

genetic info in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. contain many organelles

primary function of a cell’s plasma membrane

separates inside and outside, and regulates movement of molecules in and out

4 main macromolecules found in the human body

1. carbohydrates

2. proteins

3. lipids

4. nucleic acids

describe the structure of the macromolecule carbohydrates

monosaccharides (like glucose), disaccharides (like sucrose), polysaccharides (like starch)

describe the structure of the macromolecule protein

long chains of amino acid monomers

describe the structure of the macromolecule lipids

hydrocarbons. Two components are hydrogen and carbon

describe the structure of the macromolecule nucleic acids

DNA and RNA (2 strands and 1 strand)

list the monomers of the marcomolecule carbohydrates

monosaccharides

list the monomers of the macromolecule nucleic acids

nucleotides

list the monomers of the macromolecule protein

amino acids

list the monomers of the macromolecule lipids

glycerol, fatty acids

example of the macromolecule carbohydrate

glucose , bread

example of the macromolecule nucleic acid

DNA, RNA

example of the macromolecule protein

enzymes

example of the macromolecule lipids

cholesterol

describe the function of the macromolecule carbohydrates

energy source for cells

describe the function of the macromolecule nucleic acids

carry genetic information

describe the function of the macromolecule protein

give cells their shape

describe the function of the macromolecule lipids

long-term energy storage and building blocks for hormones

catabolic reactions

break things down (think catastrophe). energy is RELEASED to produce new building blocks

anabolic reaction

making new bonds. REQUIRES energy.

hydrolysis

catabolic reaction in which water is used to break a hydrogen bond

dehydration synthesis

anabolic reaction in which water is made along with a new chemical bond