NURSING LEADERSHIP LESSON 1

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATIN

Nursing Management

It is about organizing, staffing, scheduling, directing and controlling, it also deals with the application of the concepts, principles,theories and methods of developing nursing leaders and managers in the hospital or any settings

Management

old French term its means "the directing

Management

It is the process of coordinating and supervising personnel and resources to accomplish organizational goals.

Management

it is to design and maintain an internal environment in which people working together in groups.That can perform effectively and efficiently towards the attainment of group goals.

Management

is being use in running a business, practice ones' profession, and day today interaction.

According to Venson, (2010)

management is a process by which a cooperative group directs actions towards common goals, it involves technique by which a distinguished group of people coordinates the services of people. It also includes moral and ethical standards in the selection of right ends toward which managers should strive

Harbizon & Myers

three-fold concept to emphasize the broader scope of management

Economic Source

is one of the factors of production together with land, and capital.Industrialization increases, management is substituted by labor and capital. Management of a firm determines to a large extent, its productivity and profitability

System of authority

management first develops with top individuals determining the course of action for the rank and file. The constitutional management emphasizes definite and consistent concern for policies and procedures in dealing with the working group. A line toward a democratic and participative approach follows as employee receive higher education

Class & Status System

this is from sociologist's point of view that managers have become an elite group of brains and education. This class is based on education and knowledge. Managers continue to expand their horizons in an effort to attain the ultimate in life or goal.

Scientific Management Theory (1900-1930)

1. Traditional "Rule of Thumb" means organizing work must be replaced with scientific methods. Give allotted time to workers in accomplishing their task.

2. Workers can be hired, trained and promoted based on their competence and abilities.

3. Employees are entitled of receiving financial rewards, and incentives for worked accomplished because he viewed humans as "economic animals' motivated solely by money.

4. Maintain good interpersonal relationship between the workers and managers they should be cooperative and interdependent and the work should be shared equally

Scientific Management Theorist

Frederick W. Taylor, Frank & Lilian Gilbreth, Henry Gantt

Frederick W. Taylor

the "father of scientific management',

Frederick W. Taylor

also postulated the workers could be taught "one best way to accomplish a task" productivity would increase. He called these principles scientific management.

Traditional "Rule of Thumb

means organizing work must be replaced with scientific methods. Give allotted time to workers in accomplishing their task

Workers can be _____ , ____, and ____ based on their competence and abilities

hired, trained and promoted

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

The First Lady of Management"

Frank and Lilian Gilbreth

* uses motion picture to develop work efficiency

* "Therbligs" - 17 classification of hand movements.

*Develop Job Simplification.

Subject of the book "Cheaper by the Dozen

Henry Gantt

Disciple of Frederick Taylor

Henry Gantt

Develop Gantt Chart, advocates for humanitarian management

Classical Organization Theories

Management Process:

a. Planning is determining philosophy, goals and objective, policies, procedures and rules.

b. Organizing it includes establishing the organizational structure to carry out plans Determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery.

c. Staffing functions consist of recruiting interviewing, hiring and orienting staff.

d. Directing it includes several staffing functions such as motivating, managing conflict. Delegating, communicating, facilitating collaboration.

e. Controlling functions include performance appraisals. Fiscal accountability,quality control, legal and ethical control.

Henry Fayol (1925)

identified management functions of planning, organization,command, coordination, and control

Luther Gulick

expanded on Fayol's'management functions he mentioned that they are "seven activities in management"staffing, directing. Coordinating. Reporting, and budgeting-POSDCORB.

Luther Gulick

Often times Managers considered this as the process of management. He also believes that management should be taught in school

Planning

it is determining philosophy, goals and objective, policies, procedures and rules

Organizing

it includes establishing the organizational structure to carry out plans. Determining the most appropriate type of patient care delivery.

Staffing

functions consist of recruiting interviewing, hiring and orienting staff.

Directing

it includes several staffing functions such as motivating and managing conflict. Delegating, communicating, facilitating collaboration

Controlling

functions include performance appraisals. Fiscal accountability,quality control, legal and ethical control

Max Weber

the "Father of Organizational Management"

Max Weber

He developed theorganizational chart. According to him there are 3 basis of authority traditional,charismatic and rational authority

Lyndal Urwick

she combined the theories of Taylor and Fayol to develop the classic Organizational Theory",

Lyndal Urwick

popularized the term "span of control and unity ofcommand.

Classical Organizational Theorists

Henry Fayol, Luther Gulick,Max Weber, Lyndal Urwick

Human Relation Management (1930-1970) Theorists

Mary Parker Follett (1926), Elton Mayo,Jacob Moreno

Mary Parker Follet

one of the first theorist to suggest basic principles of what today would be called participative decision making or participative management

Mary Parker Follet

She believed that managers should have authority with one another, rather than over employees, that solution could be easily be found that could satisfied both employee without dominating each other.

Elton Mayo and his Harvard Associates

conducted a study done at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company near Chicago, they found out that if workers give special attention productivity increases, regardless of the environmental conditions.

Elton Mayo and his Harvard Associates

This Hawthorne effect shown that people respond that they are being studied, they felt that whatever behavior they attempted they still continue to warrant attention. Employee knows that they are being evaluated by management.

Jacob Moreno

developed a system of pairings called Sociometry, believes that people are attracted to, repulsed by or just indifferent towards each other.

Behavioral Science Theorist

Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herberzg, William Ouchi, Douglas McGregor, William Blake

Abraham Maslow

developed the Hierarchy of Needs

Frederick Herzberg

develop taxonomy of job situation.

Believes in job satisfiers/ motivation factor and dissatisfies/ hygiene factor

William Ouchi

develop Theory Z by comparing the Japanese organization to the American organization.

Douglas McGregor

theorizing that managerial attitude about employees this could be correlated to employee's satisfaction. He labeled Theory X and theory Y.Theory X, manager's beliefs that their employee are basically lazy

William Blake

develops the Managerial Grid

Types of Managerial Grid

Impoverish Manager

Country Club Manager

Organizational Man Manager

* Authority Obedient Manager

* Team Manager

Contemporary Management

means new, recent or current approaches in the field of management

Contingency Approach

A management approach the recognizes organizations as different, which means they face different situations (contingencies) and require different ways of managing

Contingencies

Situational characteristics

Contingencies

Circumstances in the organization's external environment. The internal strengths and weaknesses of the organization.

The values, goals, skills, and attitudes of managers and workers in the organization.

The types of tasks, resources, and technologies the organization uses.

System Approach

A set of interrelated and interdependent parts arranged in a manner that produces aunified whole

Process Closed System

system that are not influence by and do not interact with their environment

Open System

systems that interact with their environment

The contingency perspective refutes universal principles of management by stating that a variety of factors, both internal and external to the firm, may affect the organization's performance.

Therefore, there is no "one best way" to manage and organize because circumstances vary

Levels of Management

Top Level Manager

Middle Level Manager

First Level Manager

Top Level Manager

look at the overall operation of the organization

Top Level Manager

- Coordinate internal and external affairs of the organization.- Makes the major decisions

- Determines the organization's mission/ vision statement, philosophy,policies and procedures.

- Creates goals and allocate resources

Middle Level Manager

coordinates activities of different department

Middle Level Manager

- Receives policies from the top-level manager.

- Makes specific objectives and program

First Level Manager

directly responsible for the actual production of services.

First Level Manager

Act as a link between the higher-level managers and non-managers.

Skills of a Manager According to Katz

Technical, Human & Conceptual Skill

Technical Skill

knowledge and proficiency in activities involving methods, procedures and process

Human Skill

- ability to work with people

- create a harmonious working relationship

Conceptual Skill

ability to see the overall picture to identify important elements in a situation and to understand the relationship among the elements. And identifying pertinent factors, responding to the big problems, and discarding irrelevant facts.

Other approach according to Summer

Knowledge, Ability, Attitude

Knowledge

factors refer to ideas, concepts, or principles that can be expressed and are accepted because they have logical proofs

Attitude

factors relate to those beliefs, feelings, and values that may be used on emotions and may not be subjected to conscious verbalization

Ability

actor skill, art, judgement, and wisdom. They abstract factors but they direct one's thinking to factors that can be developed by the individual manager who takes time to consider them

Roles of a Manager

interpersonal roles, informational roles, decisional roles

Interpersonal Role

Symbol

Leader

Liaison officer

Symbol

he/she occupies and consists of such duties as signing of papers/documents required by the organization.