Cranial Nerves and Brown Squared Syndrome

The olfactory nerve is...

sensory

The olfactory nerve is also called the

olfactory tract

The olfactory nerve is involved with

smell and distinguishing between smells

Role of perforations in the cribriform plate

allow for olfactory sensory receptors to go through into the nasal cavity

The olfactory system is the only sensory system with...

no pre cortical relay in the thalamus

After passing through the cribriform plate, olfactory axons synapse...

on the olfactory bulb

From the olfactory bulb, axons from olfactory neurons may travel to the

olfactory area in temporal lobe

hypothalamus

amygdala

hippocampus

Hypothalamus role in olfaction is for

homeostasis regulation

Hypothalamus role in smell example

smell makes you want to throw up

Amygdala role in olfaction is for

emotional and motivational aspects of smell

Amygdala role in smell example

pumpkin smell in the fall

Hippocampus role in olfaction is for

odor memory

Hippocampus role in smell example

meal reminds you of a holiday

Projection of olfactory nerves to cortical and subcortical structures allows for olfaction to influence...

cognitive, homeostatic, emotional and learning behaviors

Functional significance of CN I

safety

eating spoiled food

smell usually accompanies taste

anosmia

Optic nerve is...

sensory

Optic nerve is part of the

optic pathway

Each eye receive input from..

both left and right visual fields

Left and right visual fields ________

overlap

The right optic nerve receives input _______

ipsilaterally

A lesion to the optic nerve may lead to..

loss of the complete visual field of that eye

Possible causes of optic nerve damage

optic neuritis

tumors

infection of the nerve

trauma

Cranial nerve III, IV and VI are

motor

Cranial nerves III, IV and VI supply the

extraocular muscles of the eye

The extraocular muscles are responsible for...

all the movements of the eye

Movements of the eye

elevation

depression

adduction

abduction

intorsion

extorsion

Which muscles and nerves supply eye elevation

levator palpabrae superioris (CN 3)

superior rectus (CN 3)

Which muscles and nerves supply eye depression

inferior rectus (CN 3)

Which muscles and nerves supply eye abduction

lateral rectus (CN 6)

Which muscles and nerves supply eye adduction

superior rectus (CN 3)

medial rectus (CN 3)

Which muscles and nerves supply eye intorsion

superior oblique (CN 4)

Which muscles and nerves supply eye extortion

inferior oblique (CN 3)

Brown sequard syndrome

damage to half of spinal cord

Symptoms of brown sequard syndrome on contralateral side

loss of pain and temperature

Symptoms of brown sequard syndrome on ipsilateral side

- loss of voluntary motor control

- loss of fine touch, pressure, proprioception and vibration