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-ICAO Doc 10151 (Manual on Human Performance (HP) for Regulators. 2021)

“Human factors (HF) encompasses knowledge from a range of scientific disciplines that support human performance (HP) through the design and evaluation of equipment, environments and work, in order to improve system performance.”

-ICAO Doc 9824 (Human Factors Guidelines for Aircraft Maintenance Manual, 2003)

“Human Factor is the scientific study of the interaction between people, machines, and each other.”

-FAA Order 9550.8A (Human Factors Policy)

“Human Factors is defined as a “multidisciplinary effort to generate and compile information about human capabilities and limitations and apply that information to equipment, systems, facilities, procedures, jobs, environments, training, staffing, and personnel management for safe, comfortable, and effective human performance.”

-ICAO Doc 9824 (Human Factors Guidelines for Aircraft Maintenance Manual, 2003)

“Human Factor is the scientific study of the interaction between people, machines, and each other.”

Human Factors

In simple definition _________ is the study of how humans interact with systems, machines, and environments.

Vitruvius

is an ancient Roman architect and engineer, outlined principles in his work De Architectura (The Ten Books on Architecture),

Vitruvian man

work of Leonardo da Vinci – approx. 1940s

1600s

Galileo Galilei and others made early observations on human perception and the importance of precise measurements in scientific studies, laying the groundwork for future human factors research.

Late 1700s–1800s (Industrial Revolution)

The rise of machinery and industrialization highlighted the need for better understanding of human interaction with machines, setting the stage for ergonomics.

1900s–1910s (Frederick Winslow Taylor and Scientific Management)

Taylor's work focused on improving industrial efficiency, emphasizing the importance of optimizing human labor and workflow.

1913 (Frank and Lillian Gilbreth’s Motion Study)

Introduced the study of time and motion to enhance worker productivity and reduce fatigue, foundational for ergonomic practices.

1920s (Hawthorne Studies)

Conducted by Elton Mayo, these studies explored the impact of environmental factors on worker productivity, highlighting the social and psychological aspects of work.

1930s (Development of Industrial Psychology)

Growth of industrial psychology as a discipline, focusing on improving workplace conditions and worker satisfaction.

1940s (World War II and the Birth of Human Factors)

The need for effective aircraft design and pilot performance led to the formal recognition of human factors as a crucial element in aviation and military operations.

Establishment of dedicated human factors research units in military organizations.

1950s–1960s (Formalization and Expansion)

Founding of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES) - a professional society dedicated to the study and application of human factors principles.

Human factors research expanded to address challenges in aerospace, focusing on cockpit design, pilot training, and human-machine interaction.

1970s–1980s (Integration and Application)

Development of Crew Resource Management (CRM) training to enhance teamwork and communication among flight crews, reducing human error in aviation. (70s)

Integration into Safety Management Systems across industries, emphasizing error reduction and system resilience. (80s)

1990s–2000s (Technological Advancements and Globalization)

Growth of Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) (1990s)

Globalization and Cultural Considerations (2000s)

2010s–Present (Innovation and Future Challenges)

Advances in Automation and AI and research on its impact on human performance and safety, particularly in aviation and automotive industries.(2010s)

Human Factors in Emerging Technologies such as autonomous vehicles, virtual reality, and remote work environments. Increased emphasis on mental health and well-being in workplace design and safety. (2020s)

HUMAN FACTORS

HF stands for ?

HUMAN PERFORMANCE

HP stands for ?

ELTON MAYO

HAWTHORNE STUDIES IS CONDUCTED BY?

Human Factors and Ergonomics Society

HFES stands for ?

Crew Resource Management

CRM stands for ?

Human-Computer Interaction (1990s)

HCI stands for ?

CAPTAIN EDWARD A. MURPHY

was an American aerospace engineer who worked on safety-critical systems.

1949

when did murphy’s law established ?

"Anything that can go wrong will go wrong".

Murphy's law states that?

1. You cannot fix everything, even though you think you can - Overconfidence leads to Human

2. You do not know everything, even though you think you do – If you do not know - ask! We are all on a lifelong journey of learning.

3. No Two Mechanics Will ever agree on the same fix. – We see things differently but we both need to interpret the “approved information” – If in doubt ASK!

4. If you fix too much, you will be laid off or If you don't fix enough, you will be laid off – Whilst we are cynical in this story there is always a grain of truth – how to minimize our exposure to HF in all cases?

5. Blaming other shifts is always acceptable. Means the willingness to transfer the blame rather than owning it is a way of distancing your self from the issue – clearly a willingness to assume ownership will be a positive step on the journey of improvement.

6. Electrons are magic to Sheet Metal Mechanics & Rivets are like Kryptonite to Avionic Mechanics. Means we have skill sets & competences and when we move outside of our core competencies, we risk a higher possibility of something going wrong.

7. if you don't know what you are doing, read the maintenance manual for the rest of your shift. In some way it is perceived a “Bad” if you do not “know by heart” what should be done – the opposite is, of course, the truth and it is incumbent on managers and supervisors to provide guidance and support.

8. Asking for help means you're an idiot

Give the 8 Murphy’s Law in Aviation Maintenance?

"If anything can go wrong, it will"

MURPHY’S LAW states that?