Required Documents

Declaration of Independence

Declaration of Independence

Document by Jefferson with preamble, grievances against King George III, and resolution for independence, justifying America's split from English government based on natural rights, popular sovereignty, and social contract.

Federalist 10

Madison's paper addressing protection against tyranny of the majority, discussing dangers of factions, proposing solutions to control factions through a republican government to dilute power and force compromise.

Brutus 1

Anti-federalist paper debating against Federalist 10, arguing for a confederation over a republican government, highlighting concerns about tyranny from the federal government and the ineffectiveness of a republican form of government for a large country.

Articles of Confederation

First U.S. Constitution placing power mostly in the states' hands, with a unicameral legislative branch, equal state representation, and strict limitations on the central government's powers.

U.S

Established a republican government with a bicameral Congress, executive branch, and judicial branch, outlining powers, relationships between central and state governments, amending process, and checks and balances.

Federalist 51

Madison's paper advocating for separation of powers and checks and balances in government to protect liberty and prevent power abuse, emphasizing the need for ambition to counteract ambition.

Federalist 70

Hamilton's paper justifying a single energetic executive in contrast to multiple executives, highlighting the benefits of unity, responsibility, and effectiveness in carrying out duties.

Federalist 78

Hamilton's paper discussing the judicial branch, arguing for lifetime appointments of judges to ensure independence, impartiality, and effectiveness, emphasizing the role of judicial review as a check on Congress.

Letter From Birmingham Jail

Dr. King's letter advocating for non-violent direct action to demand freedom and justice, criticizing white moderates for inaction and emphasizing the urgency of addressing inequality through peaceful means.