Lab 2 - Introduction to the Animals (Invertebrate classification)

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119 Terms

1
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Ecdysozoa

  • Molecular evidence rRNA

  • Phyla: Arthropoda, nematoda, smaller phyla

  • Have Ecdysis: shed their exoskeleton

<ul><li><p>Molecular evidence rRNA</p></li><li><p>Phyla: Arthropoda, nematoda, smaller phyla</p></li><li><p>Have Ecdysis: shed their exoskeleton</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What are the common names of Phylum: Onychophora?

  • Walking or velvet worm

<ul><li><p>Walking or velvet worm</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What two groups was Phylum: Onychophora thought to be a link between?

  • Annelids and arthropods

    • Have in common with each group: segmented and have appendages

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What group is Phylum: Onychophora most closely related to?

  • Arthropods

<ul><li><p>Arthropods</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What temperature, pressures, radiation, can Tardigrada (Water Bears), withstand?

  • Temperature; just above absolute zero of water and boiling point of water

  • Pressures; 6 times greater than deepest ocean trenches

  • Radiation; hundreds times higher than lethal dose for humans

<ul><li><p>Temperature; just above absolute zero of water and boiling point of water</p></li><li><p>Pressures; 6 times greater than deepest ocean trenches</p></li><li><p>Radiation; hundreds times higher than lethal dose for humans</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How long can Tardigrada go without food and water?

  • More than 10 years

<ul><li><p>More than 10 years</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What characteristic is responsible for the branching off of Phylum: Nematoda?

  • Pseudocoelomate; “false cavity” not fully lined with mesoderm

  • Precambrian

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Phylum: Nematoda Digestive system

  • Alimentary canal (mouth and anus)

    • Extra and intracellular

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Phylum: Nematoda Level of Organization and Tissue Layers

  • Organ System level of organization

  • Triploblastic

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Phylum: Nematoda Strctures (CS)

  • Cuticle

  • Epidermis

  • Pseudocoel

  • Longitudinal muscle

  • Nerve cords

  • Intestines

<ul><li><p>Cuticle</p></li><li><p>Epidermis</p></li><li><p>Pseudocoel</p></li><li><p>Longitudinal muscle</p></li><li><p>Nerve cords</p></li><li><p>Intestines</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the excretory system in Phylum Nematoda?

  • Waste exits excretory pores

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What is the nervous system of Phylum: Nematoda?

  • Cerebral ganglia or nerve ring with anterior and posterior nerves

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Sexual Reproduction in Phylum: Nematoda

  • Complicated life cycles

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What is the mode of infection and hosts in Ascaris?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: children playing in dirt ingest eggs

  • Hosts: parasites in small intestines

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: children playing in dirt ingest eggs</p></li><li><p>Hosts: parasites in small intestines</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Difference between Male and Female Ascaris

knowt flashcard image
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Biogeography of Ascaris

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Africa/southeast Asia and U.S.

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Africa/southeast Asia and U.S.</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts of Necaetor?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: eggs in feces/juveniles in soil burrow in skin and intestine

  • Hosts: humans

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: eggs in feces/juveniles in soil burrow in skin and intestine</p></li><li><p>Hosts: humans</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Biogeography of Necaetor

Phylum: Nematoda

  • New world

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>New world</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts of Trichinella?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: eating undercooked meat

  • Hosts: pigs, rats, humans

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: eating undercooked meat</p></li><li><p>Hosts: pigs, rats, humans</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Biogeography and Unique Characteristic of Trichinella

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Biogeography: all continent except antartica

  • Unique: causes trichinosis

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Biogeography: all continent except antartica</p></li><li><p>Unique: causes trichinosis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts for Enterobius?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: ingestion of eggs

  • Hosts: humans

  • Worldwide

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: ingestion of eggs</p></li><li><p>Hosts: humans</p></li><li><p>Worldwide</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts of Macracanthorynchus (spiny headed worm)?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: larvae found in beetles is ingested

  • Hosts: pigs, humans

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: larvae found in beetles is ingested</p></li><li><p>Hosts: pigs, humans</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Biogeography of Macracanthorynchus (spiny headed worm)

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Tropical/temperate climates

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Tubatrix (vinegar eel)

Phylum: Nematoda

  • None

  • Worldwide

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>None</p></li><li><p>Worldwide</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts of Wucherieria (roundworm)?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: Worms spread by mosquito

    • 120 million people

  • Hosts: humans

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Mode of infection: Worms spread by mosquito</p><ul><li><p>120 million people</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Hosts: humans</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Biogeography and Unique Characteristic of Wucherieria

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Bio: Africa, South America, Asia

  • Unique: causes chronic disease elephantisis

<p>Phylum: Nematoda</p><ul><li><p>Bio: Africa, South America, Asia</p></li><li><p>Unique: causes chronic disease elephantisis</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the mode of infection and hosts of Dracunculiasis?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Mode of infection: drinking water with water fleas with larvae

  • Hosts: humans

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Biogeography and Unique Characteristic of Dracunuculiasis?

Phylum: Nematoda

  • Bio: Asia and Africa

  • Unique: forms blister on skin, worm comes out, wrap it around stick

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What characteristic is responsible for the branching off of Phylum: Arthropoda?

  • Eucoelomates

  • Hard, segmented body

  • Precambrian

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What characteristic does all Phylum: Arthropoda have in common?

  • Cuticle: hard exoskeleton

  • Segmented body

  • Jointed appendages

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Phylum: Arthropoda Level of Organization and Tissue Layers

  • Organ system

  • Triploblastic

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5 Subphyla of Phylum: Arthropoda

  1. Trilobita

  2. Checlicerata

  3. Crustaceae

  4. Myriapoda

  5. Hexapoda

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Excretory System of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Excretory glands

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Circulatory system of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Open circulatory system with true heart

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Respiratory system of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Body surfaces, skin, tracheae, book lungs

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Nervous System of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Dorsal ganglia connected by nerve ring

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Body Cavity of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Eucoelomates

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Sexual Reproduction of Phylum: Arthropoda

  • Dioecious

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How are appendages arranged in Subphylum: Checlicerata?

Phylum Arthropoda

  • 6 appendages:

    • 1 pair of pedipalps

    • 1 pair of chelicerae

    • 4 pairs of legs

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Does Subphylum: Checlicerata have a mandible or antennae?

Phylum: Arthropoda

  • No mandible

  • No antennae

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What does Subphylum: Trilobita have in common and differs from other arthropods?

  • Phylum: Arthropoda

  • In common; paired appendages

  • Differ; segmented without specialization

<ul><li><p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p></li><li><p>In common; paired appendages</p></li><li><p>Differ; segmented without specialization</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is common name of Class: Eurypterids?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Water Scorpions

  • Extinct

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Water Scorpions</p></li><li><p>Extinct</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is special about Class: Eurypterids?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Largest known arthropod to ever live

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Largest known arthropod to ever live</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How are appendages of Class: Merostomata arranged?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • 6 appendages

    • 1 pair of chelicerae

    • 5 pairs of legs

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>6 appendages</p><ul><li><p>1 pair of chelicerae</p></li><li><p>5 pairs of legs</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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What do the larvae of Class Merostomata (Horseshoe crab) resemble?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Resemble extinct trilobites

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Resemble extinct trilobites</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Where are horseshoe crabs found?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Checlierata

Class: Merostomata

  • Shallow coastal waters

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How are appendages arranged in Class: Pycnogonida (Sea spiders)?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Have 8 legs, but not a spider

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Have 8 legs, but not a spider</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How may the appendages in Class: Pycnogonida (Sea spiders) change?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • May have extra legs from duplicated segments

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>May have extra legs from duplicated segments</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What does Class: Arachnida include?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Spiders, scorpions, ticks, mites</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What special characteristics does Class: Arachnida have?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Chelicerata

  • Special gland: produce silk for webs, eggs, escape, courtship

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Chelicerata</p><ul><li><p>Special gland: produce silk for webs, eggs, escape, courtship</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How are appendages modified in scorpions?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Checlicerata

Class: Arachnida

  • Pedipalps modified into pinchers

  • Tail modified into stinger

    • 1st terrestrial invertebrates

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Checlicerata</p><p>Class: Arachnida</p><ul><li><p>Pedipalps modified into pinchers</p></li><li><p>Tail modified into stinger</p><ul><li><p>1st terrestrial invertebrates</p></li></ul></li></ul><p></p>
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How are appendages modified in spiders?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Checlicerata

Class: Arachnida

  • Modified chelicerae used as fangs to inject poison

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Checlicerata</p><p>Class: Arachnida</p><ul><li><p>Modified chelicerae used as fangs to inject poison</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How are appendages modified in ticks/mites?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Checlicerata

Class: Arachnida

  • Parasites

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Checlicerata</p><p>Class: Arachnida</p><ul><li><p>Parasites</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How are appendages modified and bodies divided in Subphylum: Crustacea?

  • Two pair of antennae

  • 2 pairs of appendages

    • Biramous: two main branches

  • 2 or 3 body regions

    • Cephalothorx (head and thorax), abdomen

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Does Subphylum: Crustacea have a mandible or anntenae?

  • Have mandible

  • Two pairs of antennae

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Isopoda

Phylum: Athropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

  • 2 pairs of antennae

  • 7 pairs of jointed limbs

  • 5 pairs of appendages on abdomen

<p>Phylum: Athropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Crustacea</p><ul><li><p>2 pairs of antennae</p></li><li><p>7 pairs of jointed limbs</p></li><li><p>5 pairs of appendages on abdomen</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Decapoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Crayfish

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Crustacea</p><p>Crayfish</p>
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Copepoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Crustacea</p>
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Cirripedia

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Crustacea

Gooseneck barnacles

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Crustacea</p><p>Gooseneck barnacles</p>
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How are appendages in Subphylum: Myriapoda modified and bodies divided?

  • Appendages uniramous: one main branch

  • Body is long with a head

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Does Subphylum: Myriapoda have a mandible or anntenae?

  • Have mandible

  • One pair of antennae

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How many jointed legs per segment in Class: Chilopoda (centipedes)?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Myriapoda

  • One pair of jointed legs

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Myriapoda</p><ul><li><p>One pair of jointed legs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Diet Lifestyle of Class: Chilopoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Myriapoda

  • Predators, poison claws

  • Worldwide, forests

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Myriapoda</p><ul><li><p>Predators, poison claws</p></li><li><p>Worldwide, forests</p></li></ul><p></p>
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How many legs per segment in Class: Diplopoda (milipedes)?

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Myriapoda

  • 2 pair of jointed legs per segment

<p>Phylum: Arthropoda</p><p>Subphylum: Myriapoda</p><ul><li><p>2 pair of jointed legs per segment</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Diet Lifestyle of Class: Diplopoda

Phylum: Arthropoda

Subphylum: Myriapoda

Milipedes

  • Detritivores

  • Worldwide, forests

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How are appendages in Subphylum: Hexapoda modified and bodies divided?

  • 6 appendages, each pair attached to a segment of thorax

  • Body; head, thorax, abdomen

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Does Subphylum: Hexapoda have a mandible or antennae?

  • Have mandible

  • One pair of antennae

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Order: Blattodea

Subphylum: Hexapoda

Class: Insecta

  • Cockroaches

<p>Subphylum: Hexapoda</p><p>Class: Insecta</p><ul><li><p>Cockroaches</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Coleoptera

Subphylum: Hexapoda

Class: Insecta

  • Beetles

<p>Subphylum: Hexapoda</p><p>Class: Insecta</p><ul><li><p>Beetles</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Dermaptera

Subphylum: Hexapoda

Class: Insecta

  • Earwigs

<p>Subphylum: Hexapoda</p><p>Class: Insecta</p><ul><li><p>Earwigs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Diptera

Subphylum: Hexapoda

Class: Insecta

  • Flies

<p>Subphylum: Hexapoda</p><p>Class: Insecta</p><ul><li><p>Flies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Ephemeroptera

  • May flies

<ul><li><p>May flies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Hemiptera

  • True bugs

<ul><li><p>True bugs</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Homoptera

  • Cicadas, Aphids, scale insects

<ul><li><p>Cicadas, Aphids, scale insects</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Hymenoptera

  • Ants bees, wasps

<ul><li><p>Ants bees, wasps</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Isoptera

  • Termites

<ul><li><p>Termites</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Lepidoptera

  • Butterflies and moths

<ul><li><p>Butterflies and moths</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Megaloptera

  • Alder and Dobson flies

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Order: Neuroptera

  • Antlions, lacewings

<ul><li><p>Antlions, lacewings</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Odonata

  • Dragonflies, damselflies

<ul><li><p>Dragonflies, damselflies</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Orthoptera

  • Grasshoppers

<ul><li><p>Grasshoppers</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Order: Phasmatoidea

  • Stick insects

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Order: Siphonaptera

  • Fleas

<ul><li><p>Fleas</p></li></ul><p></p>
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Thysanura

  • Silverfish

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Order: Trichoptera

  • Caddisflies

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Head Structures of Crayfish

  • Antenna/Antennules: taste, touch

  • Mandible/palp: crushing food

  • Maxilla: food handling

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Thorax structures of Crayfish

  • Maxilliped/Gill: touch, taste, food handling

  • Cheliped: grasping food, offense

  • Walking leg: walking

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Abdomen structures of Crayfish

  • Swimmerets

    • Males: assist with transfer of sperm

    • Females: carry eggs

  • Uropod: swimming, egg protection

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What phyla belong to Deuterostommia and what morphological character do they share?

  • Phyla: Echinodermata

  • Blastopore becomes the anus (deuterstomes)

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What is unique to Phylum: Echinodermata?

  • Water vascular system

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Type of Symmetry and Name meaning of Phylum: Echinodermata

  • Type of symmetry: secondary radial symmetry

  • Name meaning: spiny skin

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What type of development does Phylum: Echinodermata have?

  • Deuterostome development

  • Precambrian

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Circulatory and Respiratory System of Phylum: Echinodermata

  • Circulatory: reduced

  • Respiratory: dermal brachiae

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Nervous System and Body Cavity of Phylum: Echinodermata

  • Nervous system: ring and radial nerves

  • Eucoelomates

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Reproduction of Phylum: Echinodermata

  • Asexual: regeneration

  • Sexual: dioecious

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Echinodermata Terms

  • Oral side: mouth

  • Aboral: opposite of mouth

  • Madreporite: opening into water vascular system

  • Ambulacral grooves: contain tube feet

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What are the pincher like organs found in Phylum: Echinodermata?

  • Pedicellariae

<ul><li><p>Pedicellariae</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What is the bipinnaria larvae in Phylum: Echinodermata?

  • Function: dispersal

  • Evolved radial symmetry from a bilateral ancestor

<ul><li><p>Function: dispersal</p></li><li><p>Evolved radial symmetry from a bilateral ancestor</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What characteristic do sea stars have?

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

  • 5 arms radiating from central disk

<p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p><p>Class: Asteroidea</p><ul><li><p>5 arms radiating from central disk</p></li></ul><p></p>
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What does the ambulacral groove and madreporite look like on sea stars?

Phylum: Echinodermata

Class: Asteroidea

  • Madreporite on aboral side

  • Open ambulacral grooves

<p>Phylum: Echinodermata</p><p>Class: Asteroidea</p><ul><li><p>Madreporite on aboral side</p></li><li><p>Open ambulacral grooves</p></li></ul><p></p>