Science Midterm (momentum, impulse, climate change, stoichometry, sig figs, data anaylsis, conversions, scientific notation)

What is the equation for momentum?

p=m(v) kg m/s

What is the equation for change in momentum?

ΔP=mΔv

how to calculate change in?

Δ=Final - initial

How do you calculate impulse?

I=Ft

What unit is mass measured in?

kilograms (kg)

What unit is velocity measured in?

m/s

how to calculate change in velocity?

final velocity - initial velocity

What is conservation of momentum?

momentum before collision is equal to the momentum after the collision

initial = final of system 

What unit is force measured in?

newtons (N)

What unit is time measured in?

seconds

How does changing the time of a collision affect the force in the collision?

if time gets larger force decreases, if time decreases force increase 

What is the equation for kinetic energy?

½ mv²

What is the equation for potential energy?

(m)(g)(h)

What is g?

Gravity, and it equals 9.8 m/s²

when is the gravitational potential energy the highest in a system?

When the object is the highest above a surface (m and g stay constant but the height can change) 

when is the kinetic energy highest in a system?

At the lowest point, the speed is maximum and so the kinetic energy is maximum while the potential energy is minimum.

Is the total kinetic energy in a system equal to the total potential energy in a system?

yes - conversion of energy

What are the units for impulse?

Nsec

What is the conversion of energy?

potential + kinetic = total at all times (potential = kinetic)

What is 5,182,000 in scientific notation

5.182 × 10⁶

What is 0.0004123 in scientific notation

4.123 × 10^-4

What is 8.1245 × 10⁷

81,245,000

what is 1.563×10^-4

0.0001563

What does E mean

x10^{(to whatever exponent)}

When do you round down

x<5

When do you round up

x>5

Round 524 to the tens place

520

round 7293 to the hundreds place

7300

round 12390 to the thousands place

12000

round 0.5367 to the hundredths place

0.54

What is a certain value

the item passes that number on the measuring device

What is an uncertain value

It isn’t exactly marked on the measuring device. You are guessing a number that is in between two marked measurements

How many significant figures does 6830 have

3

how many significant figures does 1683.0 have

5

how many sig figs does 146 have

3

how many sig figs in 0.01647

4

how many sig figs in 7.00245

6

Whats Accuracy?

how close the measurement is to the “true” or “accepted” value

Whats precision?

How close a group of measurements are to each other

How many sig figs does an exact number have

infinite

SI Prefix - deca (da)

10¹

SI Prefix - deci (d)

10^-1

SI Prefix - centi (C)

10^-2

SI Prefix - Milli (m)

10^-3

SI Prefix - Micro (greek m)

10^-6

SI Prefix - Nano (n)

10^-9

SI Prefix - pico (p)

10^-12

SI Prefix - Hecta (h)

10²

SI Prefix - Kilo (k)

10³

SI Prefix - Mega (M)

10⁶

SI Prefix - giga (G)

10⁹

SI Prefix - Tera (T)

10¹²

What quantity is meters

Length

What quantity is seconds

time

What quantity is liters

volume

What quantity is grams

mass

When using the fraction method for conversions which unit goes in the numerator?

The number you are converting into

What is the formula for finding velocity?

v= 4.45 times the square root of the height in meters

What is an elastic collision?

Bouncy collision

What is an inelastic collision?

sticky collision

When the movement is upwards is the velocity + or -?

positive

When the movement is downwards is the velocity + or -?

-

What is the relationship between change in momentum and impulse?

They are equal

What is the equation for force?

f=m x a

What is potential energy

Energy due to position

What is kinetic energy?

Energy due to motion

In a pendulum when does the ball have the most kinetic energy?

At the bottom of the swing

In a pendulum when does the ball have the most potential energy?

at the top of the swing

In a pendulum when does the ball have mixed energy?

between the top and bottom of the swing

What is the elastic collision =?

(m₁v_1i)+(m₂v_2i)=(m₁v_1f)+(m₂v_2f)

What is the inelastic collision =?

(m₁v_1i)+(m₂v_2i)=(m₁+m₂)v_f

How do you balance chemical equations?

place coefficients in front of the products and reactants until both sides have an equal number of each molecule

How do you calculate molar mass?

Multiply the atomic mass by the number of that atom - if one substance is made up of multiple elements, add them up at the end.

How do you complete 3 step problems?

Complete all the steps through multiplication and division

How do you convert between moles, mass, volume of a gas, and particle?

Through various multiplication and division - canceling out certain units in order to get the desired result

What is cellular respiration?

the process by which cells derive energy from glucose.

What is photosynthesis

the process by which plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to create oxygen and energy in the form of sugar

What is the equation for photosynthesis?

6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂

What is the equation for cellular respiration?

C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ --> 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + ATP

What is glucose?

the main type of sugar in the blood and is the major source of energy for the body's cells.

Plants use the energy of the sun to change water and carbon dioxide into a sugar called glucose

What is Glucose’s chemical formula?

C₆H₁₂O₆

Where does cellular respiration occur?

mitochondria

What organisms go through photosynthesis?

Plants

What organisms go through cellular respiration?

Every living thing

What is Avogadro’s number equivalent to?

1 Mole of that element, the mass number of the element in grams, 6.02 × 10²3

What is similar about 1 mol of Ag and 1 mol og Au?

The contain the same number of atoms - avogadro’s number

Where does photosynthesis occur?

Chloroplast

What is 22.4L equal to?

1 mol