BSC2086L E.15 Embryology and Development
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31 Terms
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one-cell stage
• The stage of the conceptus before cleavage occurs.
• The conceptus is a zygote.
• The conceptus is a zygote.
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two-cell stage
• The stage of the conceptus after one mitotic cleavage.
• The conceptus is composed of two cells.
• The conceptus is composed of two cells.
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four-cell stage
• The stage of the conceptus after two mitotic cleavages.
• The conceptus is composed of four cells.
• The conceptus is composed of four cells.
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morula
• The stage of the conceptus after several mitotic cleavages.
• The conceptus is composed of 16-64 cells.
• The conceptus is composed of 16-64 cells.
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implantation
• The contact of the trophoblast of the blastocyst with the endometrium of the uterus.
• The trophoblast differentiates to form the chorion.
• The inner cell mass differentiates into the embryonic disc.
• The trophoblast differentiates to form the chorion.
• The inner cell mass differentiates into the embryonic disc.
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ectoderm
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• A germ layer.
• Faces the amniotic cavity.
• A germ layer.
• Faces the amniotic cavity.
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endoderm
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• A germ layer.
• Faces the yolk sac.
• A germ layer.
• Faces the yolk sac.
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amnion
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Forms the inner sac around the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Forms the inner sac around the embryo and is filled with amniotic fluid.
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amniotic cavity
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• The space within the amnion where the embryo is located.
• Filled with amniotic fluid.
• The space within the amnion where the embryo is located.
• Filled with amniotic fluid.
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yolk sac
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Site of early blood formation.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Site of early blood formation.
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allantois
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• An embryonic membrane.
• A small projection of the yolk sac.
• Forms part of the umbilical cord and part of the urinary bladder.
• An embryonic membrane.
• A small projection of the yolk sac.
• Forms part of the umbilical cord and part of the urinary bladder.
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chorion
• Model of the 15-day embryo.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Forms the outermost membrane around the fetus and embryonic portion of the placenta.
• An embryonic membrane.
• Forms the outermost membrane around the fetus and embryonic portion of the placenta.
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chorionic villi
• Model of the 30-day embryo.
• Extensions of the chorion that bring fetal and maternal blood into close proximity to allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes.
• Contains vessels.
• Extensions of the chorion that bring fetal and maternal blood into close proximity to allow diffusion of nutrients and wastes.
• Contains vessels.
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intervillous space
• Model of the 30-day embryo.
• The maternal portion of the placenta that exchanges nutrients and wastes with chorionic villi vessels.
• Also known as a placental sinus.
• The maternal portion of the placenta that exchanges nutrients and wastes with chorionic villi vessels.
• Also known as a placental sinus.
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prone position
• Model of the developing fetus in the uterus.
• The position in which the fetus faces downwards.
• The position in which the fetus faces downwards.
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breech position
• Model of the developing fetus in the uterus.
• The position in which the feet face downwards.
• The position in which the feet face downwards.
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dorsal position
• Model of the developing fetus in the uterus.
• The position in which the fetus faces upwards.
• Also known as the supine position.
• The position in which the fetus faces upwards.
• Also known as the supine position.
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normal position
• Model of the developing fetus in the uterus.
• The position in which the head faces downwards.
• Also known as the vertex position.
• The position in which the head faces downwards.
• Also known as the vertex position.
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placenta
• Organ that delivers nutrients and oxygen to the fetus and removes wastes from the fetus.
• Connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord.
• Contains chorionic villi from the fetus and intervillous spaces from the mother.
• Connected to the fetus by the umbilical cord.
• Contains chorionic villi from the fetus and intervillous spaces from the mother.
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umbilical cord
• Connects the fetus to the placenta.
• Contains an umbilical v. and two umbilical aa. as part of the fetal circulation.
• Contains an umbilical v. and two umbilical aa. as part of the fetal circulation.
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ductus venosus
• Part of the fetal circulation.
• Shortcuts blood to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
• Becomes the ligamentum venosum.
• Shortcuts blood to the inferior vena cava, bypassing the liver.
• Becomes the ligamentum venosum.
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foramen ovale
• Part of the fetal circulation.
• Shortcuts blood to the right atrium from the left atrium, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
• Becomes the fossa ovalis.
• Shortcuts blood to the right atrium from the left atrium, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
• Becomes the fossa ovalis.
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ductus arteriosus
• Part of the fetal circulation.
• Shortcuts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
• Becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.
• Shortcuts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta, bypassing the pulmonary circuit.
• Becomes the ligamentum arteriosum.
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one-cell stage
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• A single cell.
• A single cell.
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two-cell stage
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• Two cells.
• Two cells.
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four-cell stage
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• Four cells.
• Four cells.
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eight-cell stage
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• Eight cells.
• Eight cells.
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morula
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• A round cluster of at least 16 cells.
• A round cluster of at least 16 cells.
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blastula
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• A hollow ball of cells.
• Also known as a blastocyst.
• A hollow ball of cells.
• Also known as a blastocyst.
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early gastrula
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• The blastocyst is undergoing gastrulation.
• The blastocyst is undergoing gastrulation.
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late gastrula
• Slide histology of starfish development.
• The blastocyst has nearly completed gastrulation.
• The blastocyst has nearly completed gastrulation.
