Chemical Reactions and Thermodynamics

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture notes on chemical reactions, thermodynamics, and related definitions.

Enthalpy (ΔH)

The heat content of a system; positive for endothermic reactions.

Entropy (ΔS)

A measure of disorder or randomness in a system; positive when disorder increases.

Endothermic Reaction

A reaction that absorbs heat from its surroundings.

Exothermic Reaction

A reaction that releases heat to its surroundings.

Free Energy (ΔG)

The energy available to do work during a reaction at constant temperature and pressure.

Hess's Law

The total enthalpy change for a reaction is the sum of the enthalpy changes for the individual steps.

Work (W)

The energy transferred when a force is applied over a distance.

Pressure-Volume Work

Work associated with the volume change of a system under pressure.

Heat Capacity (C)

The amount of heat energy required to change the temperature of a substance by one degree Celsius.

Specific Heat Capacity

The amount of heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.