M1 Sociology for Pharmacists

Possible Reasons:

• Potential adverse effects

• Religious or health beliefs

• Existing co-morbidities

• Inconvenience

• General lack of trust

• Ignorance, Misinformation or irrationality

covid-19 vaccine hesistancy possible teasons

lower

Vaccine hesitancy AND COVID-19” found __ acceptance of vaccines among women, Blacks/Africans, unemployed people, and lower income, lower education, lower age cohorts (Troiano and Nardi, 2021).

negatively; positively

Religiosity was _ correlated with willingness to take a COVID-19 vaccine, while declared democratic political support was _ correlated

health

is a state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity”

health and illness

cannot be simply regarded as biological or medical phenomena; but influenced by social, cultural, political, and institutional context.

sociology

is an academic discipline which makes use of a wide range of research methods to study society and social behavior or social actions.

society

A group of people who live in a definedgeographic area, who interact with one another, and who share a common culture (shared practices, values, and beliefs)

Sociology

Empirical knowledge

Sociology

based on research and evidences

Sociology

used reason and logic

Sociology

results into generalization

common sense

Routine “taken for granted” knowledge

common sense

Based on assumptions

common sense

Promotes stereotypical beliefs

common sense

poverty : result of lazy behavior

sociology

poverty: result of structural inequalities

Psychology

deals with the science of behavior

Psychology

main focus is on the individuals

Psychilogy

curious about the functioning of individual human minds

Sociology

studies social relations to understand the structures of society

Sociology

links human behaviour to social conditioning and different aspects of social life

How Sociologists View Society

Studying Patterns

The personal decisions an individual makes do not exist in a vacuum

How Sociologists View Society

Studying Patterns:

Cultural patterns and social forces put pressure on

people to select one choice over another

Sociological Perspective (Paradigm)

A broad viewpoint, perspective, or lens that permit social scientists to have a wide range of tools to describe society, and then to build hypotheses and theories

Seeing the General in the Particular

Look for general patterns in the behavior of particular people.(choosing partners in marriage

Seeing the strange in the familiar

Recognizing that things aren’t always what they seem

SOCIAL LOCATION

• An individual’s place or location in the society and includes race, class, gender, sexuality, religion, age, education, marital status, and political view

• THIS CAN LIMIT YOUR CHOICES

SOCIAL MARGINALIZATION

A process of social exclusion in which individuals or groups are relegated to the fringes of a society, being denied economic, political, and/or symbolic power and pushed towards being ‘outsiders

POWER

Ability of an entity/individual to control or influence the actions, beliefs, or behaviour of others.

Authority

Authority

predicated on perceived legitimacy

Authority

“accepted power”

INEQUALITY

The existence of unequal opportunities and rewards for different social positions or statuses within a group or society.

Studying Patterns: How Sociologists View Society

Sociologists try to identify these general patterns by examining the behavior of large groups of people living in the same society and experiencing the same societal pressures

Social Pharmacy

Concerned with the social institution of pharmacy & society as it relates to patients, medicines, & the work of the pharmacist

The general public seeks advice from pharmacists

Pharmacists are potentially able to influence the beliefs and behavior of the patient

Why study Sociology?

Sociological Perspective (Paradigm)

GUIDE ON THINKING AND RESEARCH

Sociological Perspective (Paradigm)

A broad viewpoint, perspective, or lens that permit social scientists to have a wide range of tools to describe society, and then to build hypotheses and theories

micro: symbolic interactionism

macro: structural functionlism, conflict theory

micro and macro level perspectives (paradigm)

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

(theory) One-to-one interactions and communications

STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISIM

(theory) The way each part of society functions together to contribute to the whole

CONFLICT THEORY

(theory) The way inequalities contribute to social differences and perpetuate differences in power

Structural-Functionalism

(theory) “Society is a complex system of interrelated and interdependent parts that work together to maintain stability and order.”

Structural-Functionalism

Example: Family à teaching children how to live in society

• social functions

• social dysfunctions

Structural-Functionalism

Structural-Functionalism :Manifest

anticipated consequences of a social process

Example:

College education - gain knowledge, prepare for career, find a good job

Structural-Functionalism :Latent

unsought consequences of a social process

Example:

College education - meet new people, participate in ECA, find partners

Structural-Functionalism :Social Disfunctions

undesirable consequences for the operation of society

Example:

College education - bad grades, dropout, not graduating, not finding suitable job

Conflict Theory

(theory) “Society as being made up of individuals in different social classes who must compete for social, material, and political resources” – Karl Marx

inequality

resulting from groups with power dominating less powerful groups.

inequality

a meritocracy based on ability

Symbolic Interactionis

Focuses on the relationships among individuals within a society.

individual - interpretive/symbolic interactionism

level/ perspective/ topics

LAY KNOWLEDGE ON HEALTH AND ILLNESS

social - structural functionilsm

level/ perspective/ topics

CULTURAL CATEGORIES OF SICKNESS

societal - conflict theory

level/ perspective/ topics

HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS

Third Level: Societal

Emphasize the importance of divisions in society and the subsequent issues of inequality and power

Second Level: Social

Examines what society regards as sickness, illnessor disease - SOCIAL PERSPECTIVE

Second Level: Social

Health is vital to the stability of the society, and therefore sickness is a sanctioned form of deviance

First Level: Individual

Examines people’s accounts of their experiences of illness and how they maintain their hea

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

Focus on how people understand their health,

–how their relationship to their bodies is mediated by social. concepts of health and illness, and

–how their health affects their relationships with the people in their live

SYMBOLIC INTERACTIONISM

• Medicalization of deviance

the process that changes “bad” behaviour into “sick” behaviour

Demedicalization

the process when “sick” behavior is normalized again