Animal and Plant Cell Functions

These flashcards cover key terms and definitions related to the functions of animal and plant cells.

Golgi Apparatus

A series of fattened sacs that help sort proteins synthesized in the cytoplasm.

Cytoplasm

Gel-like substance that fills the space inside the cell to retain its form.

Mitochondria

Makes a compound from broken chemical bonds of food molecules called adenosine triphosphate (ATP); known as the powerhouse of the cell.

Nucleus

Houses the cell's DNA and directs the synthesis of proteins.

Smooth ER

Has no ribosomes and helps modify proteins made by Rough ER.

Rough ER

Has ribosomes attached and is responsible for making proteins.

Cell Membrane

Thin outer covering that separates two cells; controls materials going in and out, also known as the plasma membrane.

Vacuoles

Membranous sacs used for storing various substances in the cell; animal cells have multiple smaller vacuoles.

Cytoskeleton

Provides support and structure to the cell.

Cell Wall

Cell's outermost protective covering; provides structure, protection, and shape to the cell.

Chloroplast

Contains chlorophyll, surrounded by a double membrane; the site of photosynthesis, converting light energy into chemical energy.

Vesicles

Small, fluid-filled sacs or blisters; membrane enclosed and play a crucial role in transporting materials in and out of the cells.