History unit 1 test review

16th amendment

allows government to charge and collect income tax

17th amendment

lets citizens vote directly for senators

18th amendment

banned alcohol (it was a fail!)

19th amendment

gave women the right to vote

social darwinism

only fit(wealthy) succeed. if you work hard enough maybe one day you can be wealthy (WRONG)

gospel of wealth

the wealth have a duty to give back to the public

distribution of wealth was

very unequal

labor unions

groups of people that fought for rights of workers including shorter hours and safer conditions

arbitration

way to settle a dispute where a third party person listens to both sides and makes a decision

knights of labor

• unions who accepted everyone

• dismantle capitalism + co-op business

• no success: could never come to agreeent within

• haymaker riot caused the fall

Theodore Roosevelt

vice president —> president

• gets rid of trusts using power of residency

• wanted to balance everyone’s needs

• limited the railroads with 2 acts (elkins and hefornact), regulated food industry, and protected national parks

square deal

teddy’s 3 main ideas

• protect consumer

• limit business

• preserve natural

“the 3 c’s”

Robert la follette

• his creation of the wisconsin idea: 5 exper people committee to handle decisions

• promoted direct primaries, limit spending, power for state

• (give power back to people)

Horatio alger

• beats local corruption (mayor and police)

• wanted to elect better officials

• texas was hit with hurricane, not able to handle storm. realized their politicians couodn’t handle it

i first to corral corporations

• sherman anti trust act: no monopolies

• elkins act: illegal to discount certain customers in railroad

• interstate commerce act: regulated railroad prices

• food and drug act

environmentalism

concern for the environment and natural resources

causes for growth of industry

• natural resource abundance

• labor supply

• new tech

industrial workers and the role of women

• worked in places such as mines factories etc

• women earned less than men

• women became activists

laidsez fair capitlism

gov should stay out of capitalism and market/business

monopoly

market where a single company is in control with no competition (example: rockefellers oil business)

urban political machine

city group that controlled the gov who gives favors in exchange for their votes, used for corruption + staying in power

corporation

• ran by shareholders to protect the companies from debts

• shareholders=more company profit

Andrew Carnegie

• came from poor background, built empire

• created fake “rags to riches story”(most of the time not true)

• came up with gospel of wealth: (give back to people)

JD Rockefeller

• took control over oil business

• used vertical and horizontal integration

• became a philanthropust( gospel of wealth) later in life

American Federation of Labor

• labor union, only skilled laborers

• similar ideas within union

• no political stance

• struck in protest

• still failed bc of public

immigration (new vs old)

old

• came before 1870

• mostly protestant christian’s

• northern and western

new

• often catholic, jewish, etc

• southern and eastern

nativists

against immigration

legislation under teddy

• progressive ideas and laws passed

• helped consumers and limit business

hepburn act

pure food and drug act

meat inspection

elkins

antitrust

suffragist

people advocating for the right to vote (mostly women)

alice paul

women’s suffrage group

muckraker

a journalist who uncovers scandals corruptions and social injustices

jacob riis

wrote a book “how the other half lives”

• brought her awareness to unfair labor

• goals:expose horrible conditions

• took pics so people could see how bad

Ida Turbell

• exposed monopoly corruption in her book

uptown sinclair

wrote into the jungle

election reform

people choose who runs for candidate

tenement houses

dumbbell shaped apartment buildings that's housed many families

• very cheap but unsanitary

vertical integration

when a company controls every step of production to reduce costs and increase efficiency

horizontal integration

when a company buys/merges with another to eliminate competition and grow bigger