1.1-1.4

Substance dualism

physical events can induce thoughts and thoughts produce actions

the pineal gland is where

mental and physical stuff interact

monism

• the view that all of reality is made of a single substance

• some believe everything is physical others believe everything is mental

Phrenology

analysis of the shape of the skull reveals a persons personality

Holism

showed the main divisions of the brain were responsible for different functions

Bouiliaud

speech loss with frontal lesions

Marc Dax

aphasia patient

Paul Broca

localized brain area for speech production

Carl Wernicke

damage to the left posterior resulted in deficits in language comprehension

Korbinian Broadmann

invented map of brain divided into 52 areas based on neural cells

Santiago ramon y cajal

illustrated the neural cells

Phineas gage

iron rod was driven through his left frontal lobe, changed his personality

human lesion studies

studying the behavior or task performance of brain damaged patients

stereotaxic instrument

used to study on rats

single dissociation

patient with damage to area x is impaired in function a but not b

double dissociation

patient with damage to area y is impaired in function b but not a

deep brain stimulation in humans is used for

epilepsy, depression, and parkinsons treatment

magnetic stimulation

temporarily inactivates neurons

receptive field

the area of space in which a neuron can be influenced

electroencephalography (EEG)

• synchronous neural firings on scalp show rhythms for state of arousal

• study for sleep, epilepsy, and brain damage

CAT scan

large series of 2d xray slices combined into a 3d image

MRI

scan of the brain, very strong magnet

resonance

a radio frequency pulse is used in MRI to push protons out of alignment with magnetic field

signal

loss of radio frequency energy, protons rebound toward the orientation of the magnetic field

PET scan

shows the distribution of blood flow through radioactive isotope tracers, very invasive

MEG scan

• records the magnetic fields generated by neural activity in the brain

• the magnetic field passes through brain tissues and skull so it can be recorded outside of head