SEDIMENTARY

midterm

2 main types of sedimentary

clastic, non-clastic

subtypes of non-clastic

carbonate and non carbonate

clastic

form from broken pieces of older rocks

non clastic

form from other processes, no visible clasts

sedimentary textures

• sorting

• rounding

• sphericity

sorting

well (grains same size) to poor (grain size very different)

rounding

angular to round

sphericity

irregular to spherical

clast sizes

• course (conglomerate/breccia)

• medium (sand)

• fine (silt)

• very fine (mud)

types of cements

• calcareous

• ferruginous

• silicious

calcareous cement

has calcite, reacts with HCl

ferruginous cement

iron oxides and hydroxide minerals (hematite, limonite), yellowish brown or reddish brown

siliceous cement

quartz, chert, other silicate minerals

• will not react with acid, white or clear

clastic rocks (6)

• shale

• mudstone

• siltstone

• sandstone

• breccia

• conglomerate

non-carbonate non clastic rocks (5)

• chert

• rock-salt (halite)

• potash (halite, sylvite)

• rock gypsum

• coal

carbonate non-clastic rocks (8)

• oolitic limestone

• fossiliferous limestone

• crystalline limestone

• coquina

• micrtite

• travertine

• chalk

• dolostone