Foundations of Nursing, Culture, Sexuality, and Skin Integrity

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A comprehensive set of question-and-answer flashcards covering muscle assessment, nursing roles, critical thinking, QSEN, nursing process, cultural competence, sexuality, spirituality, skin integrity, wound classification, healing, and pressure injury management.

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62 Terms

1
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What is the definition of nursing according to the notes?

An art and science focusing on protection, promotion, optimization, advocacy, prevention of illness/injury, and care of individuals, families, groups, and communities.

2
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Name the three basic needs a caregiver addresses.

Physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.

3
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Why is therapeutic communication essential for the communicator role in nursing?

It helps establish and maintain relationships in all healthcare settings.

4
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What is the primary purpose of the nurse as a teacher/educator?

To create individualized teaching plans to meet the learning needs of patients and families.

5
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Which nursing role involves facilitating patient problem-solving and decision-making?

Counselor.

6
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What is the main focus of the nursing leader role?

Providing care, effecting change, and guiding groups within communities and healthcare settings.

7
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How does the researcher role improve patient care?

By participating in or conducting research to increase nursing knowledge.

8
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What does the nursing advocate role encompass?

Actively supporting and defending patients’ rights and interests.

9
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State the four primary aims of nursing.

Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, facilitate coping with disability or death.

10
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What question should nurses ask to evaluate adequacy of knowledge in critical thinking?

Is my knowledge accurate, factual, and unbiased?

11
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List three personal critical-thinking indicators from the notes.

Curious/inquisitive, open/fair-minded, self-aware (others include logical, flexible, genuine, effective communicator, alert to context).

12
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What does QSEN stand for?

Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.

13
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Identify the six QSEN competencies.

Patient-centered care, teamwork & collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics.

14
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What are the five steps of the nursing process in order?

Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement (and document), Evaluate.

15
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In Tanner’s clinical judgment model, what follows ‘Noticing’?

Interpreting.

16
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What is the final step of Tanner’s model where effectiveness is determined?

Reflecting.

17
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In the clinical judgment measurement model, what does ‘Recognize cues’ mean?

Identify accurate and relevant data.

18
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Define culture according to the notes.

A shared system of beliefs, values, language, and practices guiding daily life.

19
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How is ethnicity distinguished from race?

Ethnicity refers to heritage and upbringing; race was originally based on physical characteristics.

20
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What is a key principle of cultural competence regarding judgmental attitudes?

Resist attitudes such as ‘different is not as good.’

21
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Name two aspects to assess under culturally competent care for language & communication.

Preferred language/title and use of interpreters for non-English speakers.

22
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Which cultural assessment model is summarized by ESFT?

Explanatory model, Socioeconomic factors, Fears/concerns, Therapeutic contracting.

23
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Give the definition of sexual health provided in the lecture.

A state of well-being involving respect, safety, freedom from discrimination/violence, and fulfillment of human rights across the lifespan.

24
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List three factors that affect sexuality.

Developmental stage, culture, lifestyle (others include ethics and religion).

25
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What is erectile dysfunction?

Inability of a male to attain or maintain an erection.

26
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Define dyspareunia.

Painful intercourse in females.

27
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Give two illnesses mentioned that can cause sexual dysfunction.

Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (others: MI, chronic pain, spinal cord injuries, mental illness).

28
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What term describes a patient’s relationship with a higher power without material proof?

Faith.

29
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Name one source of strength and healing listed under spirituality and health.

Spiritual beliefs or practices.

30
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Identify two developmental factors that affect skin integrity.

Aging (loss of elasticity) and hygiene abilities related to developmental level.

31
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What is the difference between an open and closed wound?

Open: skin surface is broken; Closed: surface intact but underlying tissue damaged.

32
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Which wound type arises from inadequate blood flow due to neuropathy or vascular disease?

Neuropathic or vascular injuries.

33
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Explain primary intention healing.

Edges are well approximated, minimal tissue loss, heals quickly

34
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During which wound-healing phase do redness, swelling, and pain predominate?

Inflammatory phase.

35
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What two moisture-related factors can impair wound healing?

Desiccation and maceration

36
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Define dehiscence.

Separation of wound edges where staples or sutures have popped open.

37
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What immediate nursing action is required for evisceration?

Cover protruding organs with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for help.

38
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Describe a fistula in wound care.

An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the skin, may be infection-created or surgically made.

39
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What stage pressure injury involves partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis?

Stage 2.

40
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Which pressure injury stage shows full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone or tendon?

Stage 4.

41
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When is a pressure injury labeled ‘unstageable’?

black, necrotic tissue or eschar- cannot see under to stage tissue damage

42
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Which tool should be used on admission to assess pressure ulcer risk?

Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment.

43
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List the ABCDEF criteria for assessing skin lesions.

Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevated/Evolution, Funny looking.

44
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Why is documentation critical during the ‘Implementation’ step of the nursing process?

If it is not documented, it is considered not done.

45
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What skin parameter does ‘turgor’ evaluate?

Hydration status by pinching the skin.

46
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State two psychosocial effects of wounds listed in the notes.

fear and anxiety, change in body image

47
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How often should a bedridden client be repositioned to prevent pressure injuries?

At least every two hours.

48
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What effect does heat therapy have on peripheral blood vessels?

Heat causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow.

49
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cleansing and irrigation

use saline to irrigate the wound

50
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List one advantage of using cold therapy.

It constricts blood vessels, reducing muscle spasms and swelling.

51
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Why must dietary teaching consider cultural food preferences?

Respecting cultural values promotes acceptance and compliance.

52
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What is the primary goal when assessing a patient’s reaction to pain in culturally competent care?

Respect each patient’s individual right to express pain in their own manner without stereotyping.

53
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In the ESFT model, what does ‘Therapeutic contracting’ involve?

Ensuring the patient understands and agrees with the care plan, including medication regimen.

54
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Name two spiritual needs identified in the notes.

Need for meaning and purpose; need for love and relatedness.

55
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proliferative phase

start of healing process, new tissue grows

56
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Explain maceration and its consequence on wounds.

to much moisture in wound delays healing

57
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When measuring a wound, which three dimensions should be recorded?

Length, width, and depth.

58
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Why are burns considered high-risk wounds?

They are contaminated from the start and have delayed healing.

59
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What two factors must be considered under ‘Orientation to Time & Space’ in cultural care?

Personal space preferences and time orientation (past, present, future).

60
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Give one example of socioeconomic factors that influence health disparities.

Limited financial resources affecting access to care or medications.

61
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What is the purpose of cushioning bony prominences?

To reduce pressure and prevent pressure injuries.

62
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Describe an eccymosis.

Discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding underneath; a bruise.