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A comprehensive set of question-and-answer flashcards covering muscle assessment, nursing roles, critical thinking, QSEN, nursing process, cultural competence, sexuality, spirituality, skin integrity, wound classification, healing, and pressure injury management.
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What is the definition of nursing according to the notes?
An art and science focusing on protection, promotion, optimization, advocacy, prevention of illness/injury, and care of individuals, families, groups, and communities.
Name the three basic needs a caregiver addresses.
Physical, emotional, and spiritual needs.
Why is therapeutic communication essential for the communicator role in nursing?
It helps establish and maintain relationships in all healthcare settings.
What is the primary purpose of the nurse as a teacher/educator?
To create individualized teaching plans to meet the learning needs of patients and families.
Which nursing role involves facilitating patient problem-solving and decision-making?
Counselor.
What is the main focus of the nursing leader role?
Providing care, effecting change, and guiding groups within communities and healthcare settings.
How does the researcher role improve patient care?
By participating in or conducting research to increase nursing knowledge.
What does the nursing advocate role encompass?
Actively supporting and defending patients’ rights and interests.
State the four primary aims of nursing.
Promote health, prevent illness, restore health, facilitate coping with disability or death.
What question should nurses ask to evaluate adequacy of knowledge in critical thinking?
Is my knowledge accurate, factual, and unbiased?
List three personal critical-thinking indicators from the notes.
Curious/inquisitive, open/fair-minded, self-aware (others include logical, flexible, genuine, effective communicator, alert to context).
What does QSEN stand for?
Quality and Safety Education for Nurses.
Identify the six QSEN competencies.
Patient-centered care, teamwork & collaboration, evidence-based practice, quality improvement, safety, informatics.
What are the five steps of the nursing process in order?
Assess, Diagnose, Plan, Implement (and document), Evaluate.
In Tanner’s clinical judgment model, what follows ‘Noticing’?
Interpreting.
What is the final step of Tanner’s model where effectiveness is determined?
Reflecting.
In the clinical judgment measurement model, what does ‘Recognize cues’ mean?
Identify accurate and relevant data.
Define culture according to the notes.
A shared system of beliefs, values, language, and practices guiding daily life.
How is ethnicity distinguished from race?
Ethnicity refers to heritage and upbringing; race was originally based on physical characteristics.
What is a key principle of cultural competence regarding judgmental attitudes?
Resist attitudes such as ‘different is not as good.’
Name two aspects to assess under culturally competent care for language & communication.
Preferred language/title and use of interpreters for non-English speakers.
Which cultural assessment model is summarized by ESFT?
Explanatory model, Socioeconomic factors, Fears/concerns, Therapeutic contracting.
Give the definition of sexual health provided in the lecture.
A state of well-being involving respect, safety, freedom from discrimination/violence, and fulfillment of human rights across the lifespan.
List three factors that affect sexuality.
Developmental stage, culture, lifestyle (others include ethics and religion).
What is erectile dysfunction?
Inability of a male to attain or maintain an erection.
Define dyspareunia.
Painful intercourse in females.
Give two illnesses mentioned that can cause sexual dysfunction.
Diabetes and cardiovascular disease (others: MI, chronic pain, spinal cord injuries, mental illness).
What term describes a patient’s relationship with a higher power without material proof?
Faith.
Name one source of strength and healing listed under spirituality and health.
Spiritual beliefs or practices.
Identify two developmental factors that affect skin integrity.
Aging (loss of elasticity) and hygiene abilities related to developmental level.
What is the difference between an open and closed wound?
Open: skin surface is broken; Closed: surface intact but underlying tissue damaged.
Which wound type arises from inadequate blood flow due to neuropathy or vascular disease?
Neuropathic or vascular injuries.
Explain primary intention healing.
Edges are well approximated, minimal tissue loss, heals quickly
During which wound-healing phase do redness, swelling, and pain predominate?
Inflammatory phase.
What two moisture-related factors can impair wound healing?
Desiccation and maceration
Define dehiscence.
Separation of wound edges where staples or sutures have popped open.
What immediate nursing action is required for evisceration?
Cover protruding organs with sterile saline-soaked dressings and call for help.
Describe a fistula in wound care.
An abnormal passage between two organs or from an organ to the skin, may be infection-created or surgically made.
What stage pressure injury involves partial-thickness skin loss with exposed dermis?
Stage 2.
Which pressure injury stage shows full-thickness tissue loss with exposed bone or tendon?
Stage 4.
When is a pressure injury labeled ‘unstageable’?
black, necrotic tissue or eschar- cannot see under to stage tissue damage
Which tool should be used on admission to assess pressure ulcer risk?
Braden Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment.
List the ABCDEF criteria for assessing skin lesions.
Asymmetry, Border, Color, Diameter, Elevated/Evolution, Funny looking.
Why is documentation critical during the ‘Implementation’ step of the nursing process?
If it is not documented, it is considered not done.
What skin parameter does ‘turgor’ evaluate?
Hydration status by pinching the skin.
State two psychosocial effects of wounds listed in the notes.
fear and anxiety, change in body image
How often should a bedridden client be repositioned to prevent pressure injuries?
At least every two hours.
What effect does heat therapy have on peripheral blood vessels?
Heat causes vasodilation, increasing blood flow.
cleansing and irrigation
use saline to irrigate the wound
List one advantage of using cold therapy.
It constricts blood vessels, reducing muscle spasms and swelling.
Why must dietary teaching consider cultural food preferences?
Respecting cultural values promotes acceptance and compliance.
What is the primary goal when assessing a patient’s reaction to pain in culturally competent care?
Respect each patient’s individual right to express pain in their own manner without stereotyping.
In the ESFT model, what does ‘Therapeutic contracting’ involve?
Ensuring the patient understands and agrees with the care plan, including medication regimen.
Name two spiritual needs identified in the notes.
Need for meaning and purpose; need for love and relatedness.
proliferative phase
start of healing process, new tissue grows
Explain maceration and its consequence on wounds.
to much moisture in wound delays healing
When measuring a wound, which three dimensions should be recorded?
Length, width, and depth.
Why are burns considered high-risk wounds?
They are contaminated from the start and have delayed healing.
What two factors must be considered under ‘Orientation to Time & Space’ in cultural care?
Personal space preferences and time orientation (past, present, future).
Give one example of socioeconomic factors that influence health disparities.
Limited financial resources affecting access to care or medications.
What is the purpose of cushioning bony prominences?
To reduce pressure and prevent pressure injuries.
Describe an eccymosis.
Discoloration of the skin caused by bleeding underneath; a bruise.