Big Bang / EMS Quiz

solar system

planets, moons, etc circling a star

galaxy

clusters of a few million to 400 billion stars

true or false: small galaxies may orbit larger ones

true

spiral galaxies

flattened disks with spiral or barred spiral arms

elliptical galaxies

spherical in shape with no spiral arms

irregular galaxies

no distinct shape

wave

repeating disturbance that transfers energy through matter or space

order from smallest to biggest: Galaxy, universe, solar system

solar system, galaxy, universe

big bang theory

theory that the universe began as a singularity (hot, dense state) and has been expanding ever since

when did the big bang occur

14 billion years ago (13.8)

universes two opposing forces are

momentum of outward expansion and gravity pulling inward to slow expansion

universe outcome possibilities are

open: expansion never stops (cooler)

closed: expansion stops + begins to contract (hotter)

flat: expansion slows to a halt, but does not contract

what is formed/ the outcome of universe expansion accelerating

dark energy

composition of universe

dark energy: 75%

dark matter: 21%

luminous matter: 4%

supports for big bang

einsteins theory of relativity/quantum physics: math based theory that proves objects are moving away from a singularity (and relative to each other)

cosmic background radiation: weak radiation left over from the early, hot stages of the big bang expansion

doppler effect: an apparent change in the frequency of waves when the observer or the source of the waves is moving relative to each other

red shift

moving away (warmer/ longer wavelength/lower frequency)

blue shift

coming towards (cooler/shorter wavelength/higher frequency)

newton

studied light traveling through a prism and saw ROYGBIV

huygens

determined light travels in waves

shortest frequency/longest wavelength waves

radio, microwave, infrared

middle frequency wave

visable

highest frequency/shortest wavelength waves

uv, x-ray, gamma

name for top of a wave

crest

name for bottom of wave

trough

name for distance between to waves crests or troughs

wavelength

name for distance between middle line and top or bottom of wave

amplitude

how many years after the big bang did stars begin to form

400,000,000

what formed first: galaxies or solar systems

galaxies

hubbles law

the further a galaxy is away from us, the faster it is moving away

spectroscopy

study of properties of light