Court Systems
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32 Terms
Plaintiff
The person who brings a case against someone else in a court of law.
Defendant
The person charged with the crime.
Prosecutor
The attorney who represents the state, county, or municipality in a criminal case.
District Court
Another name for the trial court.
Circuit Court
The first level of appeals court.
Supreme Court
The final level of appeal in the federal system.
Steps in State System
Initial Appearance, Arraignment, Trial, Sentencing.
Initial Appearance
The step where the judge appoints an attorney if the defendant can’t afford one.
Arraignment
The step where the defendant enters a plea.
Small Claims Court Decisions
What cannot be appealed.
Criminal Case
An act that is prohibited by law.
Punishments for Criminal Cases
Probation, Fines, Imprisonment, Death.
Orders of Events in Superior Court
Arrest, Initial Appearance, Preliminary Hearing, Arraignment, Trial, Instructing the Jury, Jury Deliberations, Verdict, Sentencing.
24 Hours
The time frame to bring the accused to a judge.
Initial Appearance
The step where the defendant is informed of charges, right to remain silent, and to have an attorney.
Preliminary Hearing
Where the judge may hear testimony and evidence.
Preliminary Hearing
The optional step
Preliminary Hearing
The step where the judge determines if there’s enough evidence and sets an arraignment date.
Arraignment
The step where the defendant pleads guilty or not.
Sentencing Date
What happens if the defendant pleads guilty or non-contest.
Prosecuting Attorney
The person who speaks first at trial.
Civil Case
This is what a legal disagreement ends up as.
Examples of Civil Cases
Breach of Contract, Debt Collection, Monetary Compensation for personal injuries, Property Damage, Family Law issues (Divorce).
Plaintiff's Filed Documents
Why plaintiff is suing and what action they want to take place.
If the case is eligible for arbitration
What the plaintiff must state after papers are filed.
20 Days
The time the defendant has to write a written answer.
Judge
The person who gives a decision in a case.
Jury
The group that gives a verdict in a trial.
Appellate Court
Does not conduct trials; reviews cases and may hear oral arguments from attorneys.
Appellate Voter Options
Affirm (Agree), Reverse (Disagree), or Remand (Send the case back to trial court).
Supreme Court Rejection
The decision from the lower court is final.
Supreme Court Process
File a petition for review, Review and study the record and questions or point of law, Oral arguments from the lawyers on both sides, Justices meet privately to deliberate and vote.