fundamentals of soil science exam 1

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17 Terms

1

What is the definition of soil?

Soil is the natural medium composed of mineral particles, organic matter, water, and air, supporting plant life.

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2

What are the functions of soil?

Soil functions include being a plant growth medium, habitat for organisms, water filtration and storage, engineering foundation, and nutrient cycling.

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3

What can be learned from studying soil?

Studying soil can reveal soil fertility, climate history, pollution levels, and land use changes.

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4

What are some ecosystem services provided by soil?

Ecosystem services include providing nutrients and anchorage for plants, retaining and purifying water, and recycling nutrients through decomposition.

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5

What are the root characteristics of soil?

Roots anchor plants and absorb nutrients.

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6

What are the essential roles of water movement in soil?

Water moves through soil via capillary action.

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7

What are the primary soil nutrients classified as macronutrients?

Macronutrients include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Potassium (K), Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), and Sulfur (S).

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8

What are the five soil forming factors?

The five soil forming factors are Parent Material, Climate, Organisms, Topography, and Time.

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9

What types of rock are formed from cooled magma?

Igneous rocks are formed from cooled magma, such as granite and basalt.

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10

What are the characteristics of the O-Horizon in soil profiles?

The O-Horizon is composed of organic matter.

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11

What is the most important property of soil?

Soil texture affects water retention, aeration, and nutrient availability.

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12

What is the range of particle sizes for sand?

Sand particle sizes range from 0.05 to 2.0 mm.

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13

What is thixotropy in soil?

Thixotropy refers to soil liquefaction under stress.

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14

What indicates well-drained soil based on color?

Red/yellow colors indicate oxidized iron and well-drained soil.

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15

What type of soil structure is described as loose and granular?

Crumb structure is loose and granular, good for plant growth.

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16

What measurement method can be used to assess soil texture in the lab?

The hydrometer method assesses soil texture by measuring differential settling rates.

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17

What kind of parent material is formed in place from bedrock?

Residual parent material is formed in place from bedrock.

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