Bones Part 1 (General & Axial)

Flashcards for anatomy exam prep.

What is the skeletal system made of?

Living bones that constantly regenerate.

What makes our blood?

Bones.

What do bones provide storage for?

Minerals.

What is our skeleton made up of?

The axial and appendicular portions.

Give an example of a long bone.

Femur.

Give an example of short bones.

Carpals.

Give an example of a flat bone.

Scapula.

Give an example of irregular bones.

Vertebrae.

Give an example of sesamoid bones.

Patella.

What are epiphyses?

Expanded ends of long bones.

What is the diaphysis?

The bone shaft of a long bone.

What is the metaphysis?

The widening part between the diaphysis and epiphysis.

What does articular cartilage do?

Covers the epiphysis.

What does periosteum do?

Encloses the bone with dense connective tissue.

What does compact/cortical bone do?

Makes up the wall of the diaphysis.

What does spongy/cancellous bone do?

Makes up the epiphyses.

What is the medullary cavity?

A hollow chamber in the diaphysis that contains marrow.

What does endosteum do?

Lines spaces of the medullary cavity.

What cells build bone?

Osteoblasts.

What cells break down bone?

Osteoclasts.

What do bones store?

Calcium and phosphorus.

What does calcitonin do?

Builds bone when calcium levels are too high.

What does parathyroid hormone do?

Breaks bone down when Calcium levels are too low.

What protects the brain?

The skull.

What protects the heart and lungs?

The rib cage and sternum.

What protects the reproductive organs?

Pelvic bones.

What makes our blood?

Red marrow.

Where does red marrow become more centralized as one ages?

Skull, ribs, sternum, clavicles, vertebrae and hips.

What is the most abundant mineral in the bone matrix?

Hydroxyapatite (calcium phosphate).

What can occur if bone loses mineralization?

Osteoporosis.

What is the human skeleton divided into?

The axial and appendicular skeletons.

How many bones does the axial skeleton contain?

80 bones.

How many bones does the appendicular skeleton comprise of?

126 bones.

What are articulations?

Where two bones meet.

What is the foramen magnum?

Opening of the spinal cord to meet the brain.

How many bones compose the skull?

22 (8 cranial, 14 facial).

Name the bones that make up the orbit of the eye.

Frontal, ethmoid, lacrimal, maxilla, palatine, sphenoid, zygomatic.

What are temporal bones?

Located laterally on the skull and contain the external acoustic meatus.

What does the sphenoid bone contain?

Contains the sella turcica, which houses the pituitary gland.

What does the ethmoid bone contain?

Contains cribriform plates, allowing for sense of smell.

What does the Vomer do?

Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum.

What is the mandible?

Horseshoe shaped lower jawbone.

What are the secondary curvatures of the vertebral column?

Cervical and lumbar.

What are the primary curvatures of the vertebral column?

Thoracic and sacral.

What is the abnormal lateral curvature of the vertebral column?

Scoliosis.