Dental Term Chapter 18 - Dental Laboratory Materials

Rigid impression materials

Used where no teeth are present and flexibility is unnecessary

Impression plaster

Gypsum product, 60cc of water to 100g of plaster

Metallic oxide paste

Two-paste system, ZOE base with resin accelerator

Impression compound

Supplied in cakes and sticks which are color-coded for temperature flexibility

Plastic impression materials

Used with or without the presence of teeth

Thermoplastic

Material softens when heated and hardens when cooled

Compound

Supplied in sheets or stick form and it softens when heated and returns to a solid when cooled

Wax

Used for registration of bites for impression of a single tooth area

Elastic impression materials

Used where teeth are present and material must be flexible for removal from the oral cavity or teeth

Reversible hydrocolloid

Impression material that can change repeatedly from gel to solid state as a result of a chemical reaction

Irreversible hydrocolloid

Agar impression material that can be changed from gel to solid state as a result of a chemical reaction

Elastometric impression materials

Used to make impressions of preparations and for demanding or accurate reproductions

Polysulfide

Impression substance available in light, regular or heavy-bodied viscosity

Extruder gun

Device that contains two independent materials to be dispensed as one

Silicone

Base, putty liquid and then later as a paste

Polyether modifier

Reduced thickness materials to change conditions

Vinyl polysiloxane

Impression material supplied in tubes and styles

Calcination

Preparing and handling the final gypsum material that determines the classification of the final product of gypsum

Type 1 - Impression

Material used to take an impression

Type 2 - Model

Impression and study models (dehydrating calcium sulfate)

Type 3 - Dental Stone

White or bluff colored, class 1 stone and used for casts

Type 4 - Improve or die stone

Stronger class 2 stone used for dental dies and casts

Type 5 - Casting investment

Gypsum-bonded material that can withstand extreme heat

Model and cast

Used for a positive reproduction of the mouth and oral conditions

Die

Reproduction of prepared tooth

Electroplated

thin metal covering through electrolysis

Inlay wax

Hard wax, available in 3 or 4 inch sticks

Baseplate wax

Used for denture construction, bite registration and prosthesis construction

Casting wax

Available in square sheets of various thicknesses

Boxing wax

Hold plaster or stone in place to form the art base of a study model

Occlusal bite blocks

Wax blocks in arch shapes and are used to set teeth in denture constructions

Bite wafer wax

Used to check occlusion relationships

Orthodontic wax

Used to line borders of impression trays

Wax round wire

Supplied on reels in various gauges

Utility wax

Used to mount casts and to adapt or modify impression tray edges

Sticky wax

Melted to hold dental units together

Preformed wax pontic shapes

Eliminates wax builldup process

Disclosing wax

Pressure indicator paste painted onto the appliance and inserted into the mouth

Miscellaneous waxes

Margins, sculturing, blocking out and dipping

Filler

Inert substance added to the polymer to alter or modify the polymer properties

Initiator

Agent capable of starting the polymerization process

Activator

Reacts with inhibitor to start polymerization

Inhibitor

Substance that prevents polymerization

Plasticizer

Substance that causes a softening effect

Composite

Polymer matrix bonded to glass particles

Self-curing resins

Autopolymerization materials that perform the uniting process by means of a chemical union

Heat-cured resins

Acrylic materials are united but need outside heat to set up

Alloy

Combination of two or more metals

Binary

Combination of two metals

Ternary

three metal combination

Quarternary

4 metal combination

Quinary

five different metals alloy

Tempered

Hardened

Annealed

Softened

Slurry

thin, watery mixture

Polycarboxylate

Common cement used in dentistry

Coefficient of thermal expansion

Amount of form change that takes place in a dental material and tooth during heat exposure in the oral cavity

Creep

Tendency of amalglam to deform under constant applied pressure

Cure process

Hardening of the material

Ductility

Ability of the material to withstand permanent deformation

Elasticity

Ability of a material to return its original form

Galvanization

Tendency of certain metals to produce an electrical charge

Hydrophilic

Absorption of water

Hydrophobia

Giving off or shedding water

Hygroscopic expansion

submersion into water

Initial set

Period of time when material assumes shape

Imbibition

Taking on of water

Malleability

Ability to withstand deformation without fracture

Triuration

Mixing of mercury with other alloy material to form an amalgam