IB History French Revolution/Napoleonic Wars

Foreign Debt Crisis

Louis XII can’t solve debt (even fires Necker) → Assembly of Notables → Estates General/Cahiers → National Assembly

Tennis Court Oath

For Constitutional Monarchy/Nonviolence

Storming of Bastille

Desmoulins incites people, rumors that the 1st Estate is hoarding food (fake) and there’s weapons at the fort (true).

Paris Commune

Revolutionaries capture Paris/National Guard

Great Fear

Manors burned, lords killed → feudal system abolished

Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizens

Individual rights/consent of the people → rejected

Emigres

Aristocrats that leave France. Urban workers lose jobs, and silver livres are switches to assignats.

Civil Constitution of the Clergy

Clergy reform (no simony, oath to National Assembly)

Distrust in Monarchy

The Missing, Bastille rumors, King trying to escape Tuileries, Champ de Mars, Marie Antoinette, Swiss Mercenaries rumors

Storming of Tuileries

Abolishment of monarchy by Jacobins, considered the 2nd Revolution

Immunity Decree

No freedom of speech

The Three Estates

1: Clergy - no taxes, lots of property

2: Nobility - no taxes, lots of property, rich

3: Commoners - everyone else (including bourgeois), lots of property, lots of taxes (Taille, Capitation, Vingtienne, Corvee)

Enlightenment

Voltaire, people wanted limited/constitutional monarchy

Napoleon Wins

Battle of the Pyramids, Battle of Lodi, maintaining public image

Coup d’etat of 18 Brumaire

Helps Sieyes overthrow Directory

Plebiscite

Napoleon 1st Consul → Emperor

Napoleon Consolidation

Sending Jacobins to French Guiana Island, being “Enlightened,” censorship

Enlightenment/French Revolution influence on Napoleon

Consuls/council (separation of powers), letting people “vote” (individual rights), no feudal nobility system.

Napoleonic Code

Shut down newspapers, Gendarmerie (paramilitary), no women’s rights, high education, bank

Continental System

Bans trade with Britain, but hurt participating countries more

Land Acquisition through Foreign Policy

Treaty of Luneville with Austria (left bank of the Rhine, Austrian Netherlands, Switzerland, and Italy) and Joseph Bonaparte ruling Spain

Napoleon’s Opps

Constitutional Monarchists (Plot of the Infernal Machine and Louis XVIII), Austria (afraid of invasion) and Russia (wanted to preserve traditional monarchies), England

Spanish Ulcer

Resistance against Napoleon, guerilla tactics were unfamiliar for the French army, hurt France

Russian Invasion

Napoleon losing war of logistics, lots of losses and morale low.

Sixth Coalition

Austria, Prussia, Russia, Spain, Great Britain, Portugal, Sweden, Sardinia, and German states team up against Napoleon.