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Circadian Rhythm
the 24-hour internal clock in our brain that regulates cycles of alertness and sleepiness
our cycle
sleep & awake
Stage 1
Alpha waves
slow breathing
slow brain waves
2 mins
can easily wake
Stage 2
Theta waves
easy wake up
relaxed
sleep talking
bursts of brain activity
sleep talking
sleep spindles
Stage 3
Delta waves
transition level
brain emits large delta waves
not long
Stage 4
Beta waves
30 min
sleep walk
bed wetting
snoring
drooling
REM
rapid eye movement
eyes move every 30 seconds
breathing gets fast
higher heart activity during rem
we go through all 5 stages every 90 minutes
MOST IMPORTANT STAGE: DO NOT WAKE THE PERSON UP DURING THIS STAGE
sleep deprivation
REM is the most important stage of sleep— if disturbed consistently it could cause sleep deprivation.
movement and reaction time is impaired, which can compare to a drunk driver’s reflexes
DO NOT DRIVE WHILE SLEEP DEPRIVED
delta waves
sleep and long waves
alpha
awake
insomnia
10-15% of all adults complain of INSOMNIA persistent problems falling or staying asleep.
Usually caused by stress and anxiety
People who do suffer from insomnia all have the following in common:
More stressed
Overestimate double how long it took to fall asleep
Underestimate how long they were asleep
Are anxious or excited right before bed
Quick fixes people resort to:
Sleeping Pills
Alcohol
sleep apnea
Is a sleep disorder characterized by temporary cessations of breathing during sleep and consequent momentary reawakenings.
1 in 20 people (mostly over-eight men) suffer from this disorder.
Most are unaware that they have this disorder.
Many sufferers snore loudly and have high blood pressure.
nightmares
a frightening dream that can cause feelings of fear, anxiety, distress or terror.
person often wakes up in a state of distress
NOT to be confused with night terrors
night terrors
Night Terrors are sleep disorders characterized by high arousal and the appearance of being terrified; unlike nightmares.
1 in 100 adults suffer from it
1 in 30 children
Occurs in NREM 3 Sleep within 2-3 hours of falling asleep are seldom remembered. BUT CAN OCCUR IN ANY STAGE!
sleep walking & talking
Runs in families- genetic
Young children are most likely to sleep walk or talk during Stage 4 Sleep (but can in any stage)
As we grow older Deep Stage 4 Sleep diminishes and so do night terrors and sleepwalking most of the time
It is rare to have people sleep walk over 40 years old
dreams
It is a sequence of images, emotions, and thoughts passing through a sleeping person’s mind.
Dreams are noted for their hallucinatory imagery, discontinuities, and incongruities, and for the dreamer's delusional acceptance of the content and later difficulties remembering it.
REM dreams
Are hallucinations of the sleeping mind- vivid, emotional, and bizarre
We spend roughly six years of our life in dreams
Men and Women: 8 of 10 dreams are negative emotions.
Women: dream of women and males equally (50/50)
Men: 65% of characters in dreams are male
manifest content
Manifest = main story
latent content
latent = underlying story
stimulant
Stimulants (uppers): that temporarily excite neural activity and arouse body functions. they speed up body functions
stim = stimming → excited or nervous stimming
ex: caffeine, nicotine, cocaine, methamphetamines, ecstasy
depressant
Calm neural activity and slow body functions.
depressed → down
ex: alcohol, tranquilizers, opiates, marijuana
hallucinogen
distort perceptions and evoke sensory images in the absence of sensory input
hallucinate → distorted perception
ex: LSF, MDMA are synthetic, mild hallucinogen marijuana
hypnosis
Is a social interaction where one person suggests to another that certain perceptions or behavior will spontaneously occur.
was called “mesmerizing”
used for pain
to get over addiction
surgery
childbirth
ernest hilgard and anton mesmer
