Chemistry Unit 3 Data Test Formulas

equilibrium constant

the ratio of concentrations when equilibrium is reached in a reversible reaction

pH

the logarithm of the reciprocal of hydrogen-ion concentration in gram atoms per liter

pKw

the negative log of the water ion product

ICE Table

tabular system of keeping track of changing concentrations in an equilibrium reaction

Equilibrium Constant Symbol

equilibrium expression

"the equation without any numbers'

square brackets

concentration of

diprotic

has two equivalence points

Kb formula

Redox Reaction acronym

Oil Rig

Oxidation Rule 1

* Any substance in its __**elemental state**__ is given the oxidation number __**zero.**__
* They have neutral charge
* Examples O2, H2, Fe, P4

Oxidation Rule 2

* The oxidation number for a __**monatomic**__ ion is simply the __**charge for that ion**__
* Examples, Na+ = +1, K+ = + 1, Cl- =-1

Oxidation Rule 3

In compounds...

* __**H is always +1**__ (except for metal hydrides: H=-1)
* __**O is always -2**__ (except peroxides where it is -1, or when it forms a compound with Fluorine)
* Halogens - F, Cl, Br and I - are -1 (except where they combine with a more electronegative element)

Oxidation Rule 4

* The sum of the oxidation numbers in all atoms of a __**neutral**__ compound __**must be 0**__

Oxidation Rule 5

* The sum of the oxidation numbers of all the atoms in a __**polyatomic**__ ion is __**equal to the charge of the ion**__

Balancing Redox Reactions