eng sac revision

structural choices sentence starters

building on her recognition …, xx critiques

xx strengthens her argument with

by combining emotional language with factual evidence, … reinforcing …

after providing a broad overview …, xx concludes her piece

intended effect sentence starters

in order to. having established. the writer builds on the readers understanding of… with the intention of.. finally, intending to

• for common language techniques

• (rhetorical, stats, listing) use in conjunction with one another like with appeal

• statistics

→ appeal to logic

• rhetorical questions

→ appeal to emotions and logic

more impactful language features include

connotations, attacks, appeals and tonal shifts

intro sentence starter

in response to the issue of ...

the topic of.. has gained attention.. in response …

OUTCAPT

outline topic, contention, audience, purpose, TONE

verbs examples

To criticise

To support

To evoke

To promote (the view that…)

Instead of ‘says that’ which is often a precursor to summary, write:

The writer:

• Contends that

• Declares that

• Explains that

• Argues that

• Puts forward the view that

• Proposes that

• Reasons that

• Refutes the idea that

• Attempts to show

• Concludes

• Condemns the idea that..

• Advocates for

• Urges the audience to..

• Is critical of

• Maintains that

POSITIVE

• Appreciative

• Approving

• Assured

• Enthusiastic

• Exuberant

• Optimistic

• Respectful

• Sympathetic

NEUTRAL

• Calm

• Forthright

• Matter-of-fact

• Measured

• Serious

• Forthright

• Moderate

• Assured

NEGATIVE

• Aggressive

• Angry

• Arrogant

• Dismissive

• Disparaging

• Hostile

• Pessimistic

• Threatening

Purpose:

• WHY they are making that argument (e.g. vested interest, financial gain, gain support)

• Tends to be implicit – reader needs to infer this

intended effect must

• Explicitly mentions the author by name

• Explicitly says what the research is

• Explicitly mentions the issue

• Mentions the audience

• Acknowledges that the reader may not be 100% persuaded

STEAL (STEATEAL)

oSub-argument or structural choice– State the subargument directly – what is the argument?  OR Mention a structural choice the writer has made, e.g. ‘writer moves on to a pleading tone to end her piece, seeking support from her readers.’

oTechnique – What technique does the author use in conjunction with this argument?

oExample – Quote an example of this technique.

oAnalysis of Effect– analyse the impact of the language and argument on the audience. You can analyse how the language technique impacts tone too.

o – What is the specific effect of this technique on the argument?  On the reader?  You MUST link it back to the argument directly otherwise it is too general.

oLink – Link back to the overall argument of the piece or to the next one.

intro fill in blank

In response to this issue, [Full Name of Writer] has written a [Text Type] titled “[Title of the Article]” published in [Publication] on [Date]. In this [Text Type], [Writer’s Last Name] adopts a [Tone] tone, aiming to [State Purpose] by appealing to [Target Audience].

Don’t forget: Students often forget to underline publication titles e.g. The Age and Herald Sun

instead of saying the writer does this to …

The writer predisposes the reader to… The writer influences the reader to… The writer seeks to convince the reader that… The writer tries to sway the reader to… The writer aims to appeal to the reader’s…. The writer seeks to coerce the reader into believing that…. The writer adds to the legitimacy of their claims by…

instead of saying makes the reader ..

Enhance the readers’ understanding of the issues

Challenge the readers’ perceptions

Attempt to have an impact on the perspective of the readership Influence the readers’ viewpoint/ the mindset of the readership Influence the opinion of the reader

Sway the readers’ opinions/viewpoint  

Moving from an argument to a visual:

This notion is supported by the image which accompanies this text

This proposition is reinforced by the visual which is included within the text

Correlating with the idea that __________, this image is representative of ____________