ROBO | WW1 Reviewer

Voltage

• “push” in electricity

• measured in volts

• represented as V

• obtained by multiplying the value of current and resistance

Current

• the flow of electric charge

• measured in amperes or amps

• represented as I

• obtained by dividing voltage by resistance

Resistance

• how much a component resists current

• measured in ohms (Ω)

• represented as R

• obtained by dividing voltage by current

Ohm’s Law

• explains the relationship between voltage, current, and resistance

• represented as V=IR

Forward Voltage

is the voltage consumed in order to power component, must be subtracted from the supply voltage in problem solving

Series Circuit

• components are connected across a single path

• the same current flows through all components

• voltage is shared across all components

• the components experience a lower voltage compared to parallel circuits

• if one component fails, the whole circuit fails

• this circuit is safer to add components to

Parallel Circuit

• components are connected side by side

• the total current is the sum of the current in each branch

• each branch experiences the same voltage

• the components experience a higher voltage compared to series circuits

• if one component fails, the rest of the circuit keeps working

• this circuit is more dangerous to add components to

Types of Displays

• LCD

• LED

• OLED

LCD

• requires a backlight behind the screen to be illuminated

• has moderate contrast

• has high energy use

• used in old monitors and calculators

LED

• uses an array of light-emitting diodes for brightness

• has bright, vivid colors

• has moderate energy use

• used in TVs and signage

OLED

• stands for Organic Light-Emitting Diode

• produces light when an electric current passes through organic compounds

• self-illuminating unlike older displays

• used in smartphones, wearables, and embedded systems

OLED Characteristics

• has deeper blacks as pixels can turn off completely

• has better contrast because each pixel’s brightness can be controlled individually

• is energy efficient as the only pixels that consume power are those that display light

• is flexible as they can be made thin, bendable, or even transparent

How does the OLED work?

• OLEDs have thin organic layers placed between two conductors

• when electricity flows through, these layers emit light directly from each pixel,

• each pixel can represent red, green, or blue light,

• by combining these, OLEDs display full-color mages and animations,

Serial Data Line (SDA)

carries the actual data

Serial Clock Line (SCL)

carries the timing signal that keeps data transfer synchronized

Pin Connections

• GND → GND

• VCC → 5V

• SDA → A4

• SCL → A5

#include <Wire.h>

includes syntax from the Wire library, which is responsible for communication between the arduino and the OLED

#include <Adafruit_GFX.h>

includes syntax from the Adafruit_GFX library, which is responsible for the display and graphic functions

#include <Adafruit_SSD1306.h>

includes syntax from the Adafruit_SSD1306 library, which is used for monochrome OLEDs based on SSD1306 drivers

display.begin()

starts the display, in void setup

display.clearDisplay()

clears display, in void loop

display.setTextSize()

used to set the text size of the display, in void loop

display.setTextColor()

used to set the color of the text, in void loop

display.setCursor()

shows were on the board the text starts following the x and y axes

display.println()

displays the actual text, in void loop

display.display()

used to update the arduino with the contents, in the void loop