the functionalist perspective on education
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13 Terms
what 2 main functions of education does Durkheim identify?
creating social solidarity
teaching specialist skills
what is social solidarity?
society needs solidarity for social life & cooperation
how does education create social solidarity?
transmits culture from one generation to the next
acts as society in a miniature
why does education teach specialist skills?
modern industrial society has a complex division of labour
each individual must play their part in the social division of labour
what does Parsons view education as?
the focalising socialising agency that acts as a bridge between wider society and the family
what is the family like?
particularistic standards
ascribed status
what is education like?
universalistic standards
achieved status
what does Parsons believe education is based on?
meritocratic principles
what function does Davis & Moore identify for education?
role allocation
how does role allocation happen in education?
schools select and allocate pupils to future work roles
assess aptitudes & abilities to match them
why must education perform role allocation?
inequality is necessary to ensure important societal roles are filled by the most talented - ‘sifts and sorts’ children
what do Blau & Duncan argue a modern economy depends on?
human capital and a meritocratic education system does this best by enabling each person to be allocated to the most appropriate role for them to maximise productivity
what are the weaknesses of the functionalist perspective on education?
does not teach specialist skills adequately - Wolf: review of vocational education claims high quality apprenticeships are rare - 1/3 of 16-19yo on courses that do not lead anywhere
evidence of inequality of opportunity in education
Tumin: D&M have a circular argument
Marxists - education in capitalism transmits the ideology of the ruling class
Wrong: oversocialised view of people and is deterministic
New Right - state education fails to prepare people for work