adenosine triphosphate and energy flow

how do producers/autotrophs produce energy?

capture energy in photosynthesis to make simple sugars

autotroph examples

plants, cyanobacteria, algae

heterotroph examples

animals, most bacteria, fungi

what is similar in photosynthesis and chemosynthesis?

use non-living energy sources

chemosynthesis

energy from chemicals (sulfur, methane) when sunlight is not available

sulfur chemosynthesis equation

6CO2+18H2S (hydrogen sulfide) +3O2>>C6H12O6+12H2O+18S

how do consumers get energy?

they eat other organisms and break down the macromolecules to release ATP in cellular respiration

4 types of consumers

herbivores (eat plants), omnivores (eat meat and plants), carnivores (eat meat), detritivores (eat dead stuff)

atp (adenosine triphosphate)

an energy-carrying molecule that carries/stores energy for cell functions

adp (adenosine diphosphate)

atp without the last phosphate group

atp structure

adenine (nitrogenous base), ribose (sugar ring), 3 phosphate groups held w high energy bonds

how/why does atp turn into adp?

1. energy is released
2. atp is less stable than adp >> 3rd phosphate is replaced by H2O compound

where is energy located in atp?

in the bond between the last two phosphates

what happens to the last phosphate?

energy is released when it is removed and it is added to other molecules

is adp recycled?

yes

hydrolysis reaction

a chemical reaction where water is used to break down a compound by breaking a covalent bond and attaching a water molecule

dehydration synthesis reaction

an anabolic reaction where a water molecule is removed

how does adp turn into atp?

a dehydration synthesis reaction where energy from broken down food attaches an extra phosphate group and removes a water molecule